Movie - The Secret Life of Bees and the Black Madonna Essay

Movie - The Secret Life of Bees and the Black Madonna - Essay typeThe Black Madonna does serve several roles in the overall plot. As a feminine attribute, it represents maternal(p) love and the varied mother surrogates that soothed and comforted Lily as she pondered on her relationship with her late mother and the lay and sacred relevance that relationship held for her. In the movie, Lily carries a picture of Black bloody shame that she found firearm rummaging through her mothers belongings. To Lily, the picture of Black Madonna symbolized her late mother and it is this picture that last leads her to August, a black woman who takes her in and acts as a surrogate mother to Lily. It is August that introduces Lily to the spiritual relevance and meaning of Black Madonna, whom she con cheekrs to be the divine mother to all of the gentlemans gentlemanity. Thereby, if on the one side the picture of Black Madonna connotes spiritual and temporal maternal love and support to Lily, in th e bigger sense the statue of Black Madonna in this movie does convey a sentiment of love, hope and human brotherhood to a racially divided South. In a symbolic context, the statue of Black Madonna which the Daughters of Mary worship every night does convey the meaning and relevance of having faith and believing in something that transcends beyond ones innate beliefs and yearnings. Thereby, in the movie, the statue of Black Madonna does act as a symbol of hope and reconciliation for the individual characters living in times marked by deep-seated racial divide and social tensions in the American South.

Evo Morales Bolivia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evo Morales Bolivia - grapheme Study ExampleMany refer to El Alto as La Pazs shanty town. The absolute majority population in Bolivia is Aymaras or Quechuas Indian from the original nations of the Andes (Brea, 2007). The majority in Bolivia are short(p) autochthonous peoples.He visited many nations who have established socialist agendas within their countries. Those visited include Venezuelas Hugo Chavez and Cubas Fidel Castro. The goal of those visits was to align Bolivias establishment with other successful socialist states. A result of those visits was economic aid from Venezuelas Hugo Chavez. Morales political party (Movement for Socialism) rejects the neo-liberal policies and capitalism of the United introduces in favor of a socialist political sympathies that focuses on improving the welfare of either Bolivians. The focus of Morales political campaign had been in support of indigenous rights. In his inaugural address Morales verbaliseThe 500 years of Indian resistance have not been in vain. ... 2. Economic Policies and Nationalization champion of Morales first moves was the nationalization of Bolivias hydrocarbons. Prior to nationalization international companies took the majority of profits and left the Bolivians with a pure 18% of the profits. Bolivias Gas War began with the peoples protesting against privatization of Bolivias natural resources. Although past presidents had declared Bolivias natural resources as property of the State (Martinez, 2007) Bolivias trackers hold outd to bow down to the International Monetary Funds (IMF) mandated reforms. Thus, Bolivias resources were sold with profits going to foreign corporations in the oil and bluster business (82%) (Martinez, 2007). 89% of Bolivian voters requested that the political relation take statement of Bolivias natural resources (Martinez, 2007).Many believe that Evo Morales nationalized Bolivias natural resources by following Venezuelas Hugo Chavezs lead. In fact Morales actually f ollowed Norways lead in nationalizing their oil resources. Norways government receives 90% of the revenue generated by the sale of oil (Martinez, 2007). In addition, Norways government owns the most shares of the States oil company.Despite nationalization, private companies that received the 82% of profits prior to nationalization continue to operate within Bolivia receiving lower profits (including Exxon-Mobile, a U.S. Corporation). The Bolivian government did not seize assets of companies workings within Bolivia, just the higher cut of the profits generated by the sale of oil and natural gas by these companies.The profits from oil and gas sales have been used by the Bolivian government to improve the educational system within Bolivia and make available low/no interest loans to the poor to

Development of Global Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Development of globular Managers - Research Paper ExampleThe companies now need strategic capabilities in three major championship atomic number 18as including orbiculate scale efficiency, local responsiveness and capability of supplement worldwide. The notion of global manager is not very new however it has got momentum is recent while when the business world exclusively over globe are witnessing the transformational changed led by the technology advancements. The apprehension of global managers has evolved over the time with the expectation of fulfilment of these objectives however, it is also a fact that no genius global manager could perform all of these tasks for a business and generally group of specialized managers is genuine for the management of company matters worldwide (Steers, et al, 2010). . The development of global managers is an important issue for the companies operating internationally because the global managers are made and not born. The development of the global managers appears to be foremost question for the corporate managers because they catch to assure that the right person has got the right training and capabilities to work at the right place for generating the desired results. The concept of global managers is not very new and since the development of the notion there is extensive investigate work conducted around the topic in order to explore the issue from various perspectives (Bartlett and Ghoshal 2003). It has been unveiled that primarily these used to be three types of global managers including business manager, country manager and functional manager. The global business or product division manager has the responsibility to build efficiency and competitiveness of the company all around the world by recognizing dun border opport building blockies and risks. The country managers work as building break off for worldwide operations of the company by providing detailed understanding and interpretation of local markets and building local capabilities and resources. The third type of global manager is worldwide functional specialist that transfers the expertise from one unit to another and works for leverage learning, generation of good ideas and best business practice of the companies (Kediaa and Mukherji, 1999). Development of Global Managers Current Issues The international business operations require constructing internationally competent workforces that must be typify of the people having adequate information about the business. This requirement is also fulfilled by the global managers that are expected to be highly flexible and open minded. The building of such team is not a simple task and sometimes the companies take years to come up with the team of perfectly elect global managers to organize their worldwide operations in adequate manner (Steers, et al, 2010). It is now impossible for the multinational companies to consult and reply upon single manager or specialist for effective manag ement of their operations in any country because they must have team of global managers with multicultural experience so that they could blemish the cultural differences affecting the business activities and communication as well as working relationship in spite of appearance the company (McNally and Parry, 2000). Traditionally the businesses use to reply upon single country managers or expert for the management of the cross border business matters however, the increased trend of international business has changed the situation and the companies are required to send special attention towards allocation of management duties to competent

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay ExampleIn so much, the authors of this particular article present a well-balanced approach to the topic that is been exhaustively studied and analyzed by a variety of distinct scholars of the past decade. In determining the way in which future actions with regards to technology should take place, an understanding of the tombstone relationship between the human and his/her prosthetic is a vital component which must be still prior to any informed level of understanding or ideals concerning future dynamics taking place. Gentile, Douglas A., Sarah M. Coyne, and Francesco Bricolo. diseased applied science Addictions What Is Scientifically Known And What Remains To Be Learned. The Oxford handbook of media psychology. 382-402. New York, NY US Oxford University Press, 2013. PsycINFO. Web. 4 July 2013. ... c to individuals with genetic markers, the given research article promotes the understanding that a predisposition to technological addiction may exist within a certain subset of the society as well. This is an important understanding to integrate with delinquent to the fact that the broad majority of the research which is been conducted on this particular topic seeks to approach the issue from something of a one dimensional aspect. However, once the researcher is able to delineate and understand the fact that not severally and every individual within society will be impacted upon the same level with regards technological addiction, and more fair and balanced approach to understanding this particular topic is able to be engaged. Hodis, Monica A., and Gordon C. Bruner II. Technology Addiction An Exploratory Study Of The Negative Impact Of Technology On Consumer Welfare. Advances In Consumer Research 36.(2009) 840-842. clientele Source Complete. Web. 4 July 2013. Although technological addiction has an impact upon each and every aspect of an individuals life, it is oftentimes the case that technological addiction, within the nati on of scholarship and research is only(prenominal) understood done the context of psychology and/or sociology. Although true that these two aspects are perhaps the most important federal agency of integrating an understanding of this particular topic, it should also be noted that key understandings and applicable approaches within the realm of business also exist. Within the early stages of technological proliferation within the world, but a few decades ago, marketers and businesses want desperately to integrate with consumers via this new medium. However, this particular article discusses the means by which technological overdependence is not only harmful to the

Animal Behaviour Questionnaire Assignment #3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animal Behaviour Questionnaire 3 - Assignment ExampleThe behavior of the manly lions on the other hand is slightly different because, lions see the tendency of assessing each others manes and liked to generally engage in fights without some(prenominal) actual physical contact. However, the darkness of the mane exuded that it was thicker than lighter mane and therefore lend better auspices in a fight (West et al,2006, p609) in that locationfore, the lighter maned ones rarely approached the dark maned models. Dark colored manes way the lion must be aggressive and strong therefore the weaker light colored lions steer dismiss of the darker maned ones to avoid chanced of confrontations.3. The findings that indicate that the gender of a species responsible for parental care lives longer is not all true since it cannot be accurately concluded from the length of an individuals aliveness story that prolonged lifespan was a result of parental behavior among the species. It is also in accurate the among species which takes a long time to set about and mature, longer lifespan of the parental sex has gained selection advantage is also since a long life is beneficial for the species as a whole and not in terms of individual life spans.There may be alternate explanations for the prolonged lifespan of the parental gender than that of the non-parental gender. We may perhaps image that among animals where the distaff is the care provider, the resources are first taken by the female sin order to pass on the young ones of the group. The resources therefore decrease and become limited for the male members of the grout which enhances intraspecific competition for resources among the male members leading to life-shortening risks to acquire the resources for survival. On the other hand among species where the male members are responsible for giving care, the female members compete over the limited resources and

An Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An - Essay recitationThe first article is a deposition by one Francois Lapierre, a man of color from the downhearted town of Petit Anse (Lapierre 222) who is a sublieutenant in the Compagnie Beaubert of the National Guard of the town (Lapierre 223). Traveling to Cap Francais on backing his boat is stopped and boarded by an other(a) boat looking for free black men to adjudge that they believe ar part of a revolution. He resists and face cloth soldiers, including its captain try to protect him and other coloreds threatening to kill the white French sailors if they dare try to take him. (Lapierre 223). Over time he is transferred to several ships, including the Jupiter where officers protect him from the violent crew who want to cut off his head (Lapierre 224). Lapierre and other coloreds are last assured of safety by Cambis and Roussel but are falsely accused as agents of the...Commissioners (Lapierre 227) a convention backing the cause of the slaves, and without trial are subs equently condemned at one point to death. He eventually finds his way to an American vessel and is transported safely home to Petit Anse with the help of French dignitaries. It is hard to say whether I believe his story or not since the deposition was apparently not corroborated by other witnesses. Although he does not appear governmental, one might ask does he want to return home for slushy reasons or to perhaps rejoin his fighting comrades?The second article, The Oge Insurrection, concerns Vincent Oge, a free man of color, overtly political and an official representative of freed blacks to the French government (Verneuil 45) who leads a brief insurrection in 1791 to convince the throng to approve political rights to free black men, a move fiercely opposed by white plantation owners. The account of Oges insurrection is told by Louis-Francois-ReneVerneuil , white plantation owner. From that perspective one mustiness challenge its recounting as undoubtedly

Media - A Fine Line Between Reporting the News and Creating the News Research Paper

Media - A Fine Line surrounded by Reporting the News and Creating the News - Research Paper ExampleIn actual sense, the journalists are the unrivaled that create the news program by making them happen newsworthy. Most news organizations deliver news to the people, only they cannot always be where the news. This has led them to use the techniques of creating that could have happened. Through journalistic beats, we find the creation and reporting of news having a clear line to fill the pressures with news demand (Kenneth 45). To support this view, journalist beats being places where news events are usually expected to happen hence providing them with a steady catamenia of news. The crime report is usually created but not reported, example is the one that was on Toronto Star scallywag A8 (Richard A8). This story is an example of news collected from provincial police officers and reported making it as though the journalist was at the courthouse. This excerpt from Toronto stars ex hibits the way news is created and made to be reported. The w audience cannot school principal the news worthiness hence a fine line between creating the news and reporting the news (Schudson

Literature Review of The Use of Shame With Sexual Offences Essay

Literature Review of The Use of conf consumption With Sexual Offences - Essay ExampleAlthough Anne has taken an obvious standpoint in the beginning simply she has presented the fence arguments quite often in the article. The article is grounded into strong ethical boundaries and Anne has presented any personal details or hints. Public protection is the essence of any legislation either it is concerned with the pre-crime evasive measures or post-crime reclamation. The compose has taken up a particular aspect of renewing umpire, defined to be a federal agency of dealing with criminal offences by involving the offender, the victim, and possible community representatives in an informal negotiating process which results in the offenders childbed some reparative task. (Hirsch et al. 2003). Anne give the brief overview of restorative justice and challenges it was facing. There critics of the restorative justice were asking for inflicting penalizations and penalties for the committer s of familiar harassment and sexual offenders. They hold the point that this restorative justice does not have much to fishing tackle the culprit and offers no good to society in the long run. Deflem has observed this in his article, policies designed to deal out and rehabilitate offenders had an unacceptably low victory rate especially when evaluated in the light of the very intelligence which produced those policies the discretion given to judges to fit sentences to the offender and not exclusively the offense seemed misplaced.(Deflem, 2006). However, Anne defended his stance for use of shame as an instrument for restorative justice and criticized the current what works approach of criminal justice policy and pointed out the lack of focus in legislation and implementation on sexual offences. Anne flatly claims that the traditional form of retributive justice does not seem to be working. It is not only Anne but a number of other experts have already advocated in favor of res torative justice and confederate tools for ensured and improved effects and outcomes from it. The relationship between society and the offenders infliction is often overlook by the theorists as Durkheim has argued, the function of punishment has less to do with the offender and more to do with a collective reaction of the community to the violation of its norms and an effort to re-establish solidarity around those norms. (Deflem, 2006). Sexual assault against children is considered to be the well-nigh offensive and heinous crime and the retributive justice despite sentencing the offender can not commix the offender with the community which increases the chances of a second attempt by the offender. This disintegration of the offender, according to Anne is required to be change into integration with the community through restorative justice. Although it might be referred as a prototype shift but it has to be case if reintegration is a declared ultimate objective of the justice sy stem. The restorative system has its own advantages that cannot be overlooked, Carrabine has argued for the same, the use of integrative shaming techniques, mediation and reparation aim to provide an alternative and more appropriate way of resolving disputes, confronting offenders with their wrong doing and empowering the victim. (Carrabine et al., 2009, p.174.). Anne has righteously pointed out the role of media in the success of the restorative justice and has not been helping the cause by calling it a

Strategic Management at Mercedes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Management at Mercedes - Assignment ExampleFrom this discussion it is clear that Mercedes has been a assure company, the occurrence of such an event was not a good thing to it. It was a very calamitous event that if not properly handled, could become disastrous and dangerous for the success of the company. Rather than damaging the story of the flourishing company, it would bring financial losses that might be hard to bear. This is because a lot of resources will have to be used for compensation and reparations. At the same time, the event would end up change the larger automobile industry which has been rocked with such rec eithers in the recent past. For this reason, it is incumbent upon the management to come up with practical and relevant strategies to deal with it.As the report highlightsMost importantly, the company, through its spokesman Donna Boland engaged in a good strategic communication exercise. As a professional, Donna used his skills to appeal to the publ ic to bear with the company because the problem was not intended, but had occurred as a result of unavoidable oversights in the technical department.Just wish well Mercedes, all companies need to be cautious and be ready to know what happens to them failure to which, they might accept a great deal.Environmental analysis should always be considered as an important activity for all business organizations. These are important lessons that make these articles to be invaluable for anyone who wants to have an insight on strategic management.

Night, mother by Marsha Norman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Night, fix by Marsha Norman - look into Paper ExampleBasing on the plot, we elicitt but consider a Night, mother to be a dramatic writing. Jessie is so exhausted and upset, her life is so terrible that she considers death to be the blessing. She tho wants to rest and the only place she can find calm and rest is another world. Jessie simply cant see the reasons to live further, she cant see anything in her life that could hold her to live. indeed her decision seems to be easy to take. Jessie knows she could choose to live rather than to die, but she lacks the appetite for the choice (Burkman). At the same time, we can admit that Jessies actions can be motivated by the desire to retaliate her mother. Thus, we should also analyze Jessie s nature. From this point of view she seems not to be an unhappy victim, but an relentless creature. Here Jessie seems to be selfish as she made her mother go through very laborious ninety minutes. Moreover, she warned her about her intentions and this seems to be done deliberately to make her suffer. We can admit that an unhappy charr parted from her beloved husband, suffering from illness, just turn into a neurotic creature that needs revenge. Really, suicides be never committed only because of despair, the motivation is usually closely connected with the desire to revenge. Thus, we can expect that manipulation is the motivation of Jessie, her main focus. Actually, her mother deserves that. Her mother is too childish, she concentrated her attention only on her own wishes. Mama hums a tune as she stretches to reach the cupcakes in a cabinet in the kitchen. She cant see them, but she can feel around for them, and shes eager to hurl one, so shes working pretty hard at it. This may be the most flagitious exercise Mama ever gets (Norman 9). She is so self-centered that cant notice the state of her missy and Jessie cant find a key to her heart. The dialogues held by a mother and her daughter argon very important in the pla y. A spectator can learn much from these dialogues. By message of different phrases mother and daughter try to reach their goals. Jessie tries to give her mother hints about her real intentions by specifying the locations of different household items I asked you if you wanted that swimming towel and you said you didnt (Norman 19). This was daughters settlement to the mothers question that was asked to reveal her intentions. By means of such phrases with hidden sense Jessie manipulates her mother that is why some critics think that Jessies main intention was to manipulate. If she simply said mom, I am going to commit suicide, it would not have such a result. She makes her mother afraid and hard put and this is her decision as she wants her mother finally to pay attention to her and her problems. She is exhausted because she feels outcast and left unaccompanied with her

Oceania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oceania - Essay ExampleThey have ancient history that dates back to 3000 BC Austronesian languages began in Taiwan at about 3000 BC (Su et al., 2000). This fact shows the original influences of Taiwanese finale on the people of Oceania. These amalgamation of cultures also had Philippines and Indonesian influences. Travelers from these regions brought their languages and cultures to Oceania.Whenever a dominant culture overpowers the other it tries to chew the fat its customs, language and general lifestyle. It is a seal that marks the conquerors stamp on the captured nation. supreme cultures from around the world left their influences on Oceania. The first was the Taiwanese culture and language. Later, different colonist tried and true to impose their religion, language and lifestyle. Today Oceania is transformed from a natural landscape to a cultural landscape. practice session about such influences reveals how the outside cultures influenced these lands and the people.According to research in the future there will be minuscule urbanization rates in Oceania about 0.1 or 0.2 percent (United Nations Publications, 2004). In fact, between 1965 and 1980 the slip of population in Oceania has been of counter-urbanization (United Nations Publications, 2004). This trend also influenced the politics the power had to be pulled outside the centers. People indirect request to solve their problems at the grass root levels. From a democratic perspective, it is one of the best things that happened for the better governmental future of Oceania. The lesser concentration of power in major cities the better for the nation.When people hold on to their cultural and religious values dearly, the political class has to adjust its policies around those values. Decreased urbanization in Oceania can indicate certain factors. Amon many factors is the fact that the people are shaping their political future. They do not want

Investigating arson and bombings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investigating arson and bombings - seek ExampleIn a preliminary investigation, an investigator should be searching for two things once the bite has been extinguished the point of origin and the cause of the combustion. The point of origin is where the come off began it is easier to determine the cause of the fire once the point of origin is discove carmine. For instance, the presence of combustible materials far away from an electrical outlet could propose the point of origin and a candidate for the cause of the fire. In addition, the United States Justice Department recommends that arson investigators, upon arriving to the scene, mentally note evidence at the scene, recognize threats to evidence, and protect evidence from threats.Part of the advantage of arriving on the scene of a potential arson is the identification of the color and height of dumbbell and flames. The intensity of the fire and the role that accelerants played in starting it can be inferred from the nature of its flames. Depending on the temperature, flames range from red to yellowed to blue to white. According to Burke (2006), normal flames tend to burn with a combination of yellow and orange generally, hydrocarbon accelerants produce a yellow-to-deep red flame and deep red flames with dense black smoke indicates petroleum products. By arriving at the scene early enough, the arson investigator can visually find oneself these signs of accelerants and infer additional clues.In addition, the flame and smoke of arson cases also gives clues to the other senses, including the sense of smell. The veteran(a) arson investigator should be able to recognize the scent of accelerants. Gasoline and kerosene, for instance, have noticeably divergent smells. The investigator should also be able to distinguish between paint thinner and lacquer, which are park accelerants used in arson cases. These various scents are given off and carried when they fuel a fire. severalise comes in a number of forms. P rimary evidence includes direct, material evidence of a crime

The Use of Information Technology In the Delivery of Hospitality Essay

The Use of Information Technology In the Delivery of Hospitality function - Essay ExampleImpact of Information Technology on Hospitality Firms Without a doubt, in the medieval few years from entertaining visitors or guests and creating menus to monitoring staff members, information technology has importantly changed and modernized the way the cordial reception sector works at the present time (Pandey, 2010). In the past, the hospitality firms discombobulate theatrical roled cards, physically, or root wordwork at the front desk with the purpose of preserveing up a communication with overaged and existing customers. In this scenario, hospitality firms were for the most part at the compassion of the needs of guests to get there, as well as on their own efforts and staff to be there for possible surges or broaden deficiencies of tenancy. On the opposite hand, in the absence of IT supported bastards and applications hospitality firms were facing serious business issues. In the ir article, (Nikolis, 2008) outline a variety of profound areas of the hospitality firms where IT tools and applications are being used to spell services. For instance, adept of the basic reasons that IT has turned out to be critical is its helpfulness for the billing section of the hospitality firms, which has been signifi crouptly improved with the emergence of IT. In fact, manual data entry and traditional paper-based was slow, time-consuming and unproductive, and it did not offer effective support in letting the hospitality firm know what is the current status of their firm. On the other hand, in order to deal with these issues the advancements of IT in the form of state-of-the-art record keeping systems keep in mind a hotel owner to keep up to date with what they have with good free grace available, how much investment it will take and how much time it will take (Nikolis, 2008). In addition, in order to make effective use of... This essay stresses that information technolog y is playing a significant role in every walk of life. Our lives are always surrounded by the information technologies. comprehend the ever-increasing importance of information technologies hospitality industry has started making use of information technologies in different forms. This paper has presented a detailed analysis of some of the important uses of information technologies in the hospitality industry. This paper has summarized the viewpoints of other researchers. At the present, the Internet is playing a significant role in the hospitality industry. The majority of hotels is adopting this tool for marketing purpose. Many hotels use their web sites to communicate with their customers and receive their feedback. The information technology has also helped the hospitality firms to automate their manual or traditional business processes. This paper has also discussed some of the latest technologies which can be adopted by hotels in order to get a competitive edge over other hot els and get the attention of more customers. However, it depends on an organization how effectively it makes use of information technology. A hospitality firm should keep in mind the interest of their customers and offer facilities on the basis of their interests. The use of the information technology has offered a lot of benefits and opportunities for the hospitality industry.

Corporate Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Corporate Risk Management - Essay usageIn recent years, and especially after the global economic crisis, it is an observation that some government activitys are endeavoring to turn off expenses so that they can cope with the crisis in different sectors. The Saudi-Arabian government has concluded that operating a medical hospital by private companies result in the increment of costs for the government. Therefore, the government refractory to begin operation of hospitals publicly to reduce expenses, as well as, to increase the quality of medical operate provided to the people. This decision put some companies in big trouble because it was a sudden decision that were relying on only the operation of hospitals as their financial source.At the end of 2008, experts witnessed anger of the public in Saudi Arabia due to lack of quality services of some companies associated with the field of medical operation of government hospitals. Government, as well as public noted that companies were not able to provide services equivalent to that of the government contracts. Therefore, the Saudi government issued a surprising decision to prohibit companies from running public hospitals, which led to the iniquity of associated companies that caused termination of the employment contracts with huge number of staff.In this section, I will identify the basis of the problem, as well as determine the extent of the problem and its impact on the specific company. In addition, the reputation will attempt to discuss confrontations of this risk and the way company resolved this risk in an streamlined manner. For such purpose, graph including factors of the risk management cycle will provide a comprehensive accord of the issue.The first phase of the cycle of risk management is identification of risk and factors that caused the risk and circumstances that promoted the position of risk. Although the dependence on a specific investment seems a

IT System Analysis and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

IT System Analysis and Design - Essay ExampleThe company is also serving the make needs of some big companies that form the major chunk of its customers. The core product of the company is the credential seal printing that it does for various companies. Historic wholey, the company was utilize manual system for maintaining all sorts of records, finances, and performing day-by-day operations. However, with the expansion of the company as well as prospective benefits, the company has realized the need of having an modify breeding System that would function within the whole enterprise, maintaining records of the employees, customers, carry out financial reporting and all sorts of other support. The Information system softw ar would consist of three basic modules Human resource precaution Customer management Financial Modules The organization has decided to move towards the most basic form of the Information System to make the transition as swift and easy as possible. They want th at the system installed in the organization is easy and consist of the most basic modules so that it is cost saving as well. The system of logic that comes to ones mind is that ERP are very easily addressable and they just need to be deployed. However, the argument here is that they have too many functions that the business does not plan on victimisation right now so the investment in the software would not be worthwile, moreover, the software available are generic whereas the company needs a customized software. Later on when they have fully evaluated the benefits of investing in an Information System, the do plan to keep on adding more improvements and updates as they come with time. The fellowship Coatings & Others Numerous U.V. Printing with Security Technology, UltraCoat Inc. was established in 1990, and it is now one of the leading Brand certificate Company catering to the needs of leading manufacturers of consumer products, institutions and organizations to safeguard th eir Brands against counterfeiting. The company has a wealth of information, know-ledge, wide experience, unspoilt understanding and in depth know-how to offer from the widest choice of highly efficient and cost effective natural solutions for every product. The core service or product that the company provides is brand protection and safety solutions using various methodologies to protect brands and their products from piracy, counterfeiting, especially for products such as intent-saving drugs, edible items, etc. System Development life history cps The system development life cycle provides a structure that the designers and developers of the system can follow. The cycle involves a sequence of activities that build upon on the results and outcomes of the previous activity. We can divide the activities of the system development life cycle into four major phases planning, analysis, design, and implementation. A number of models of SDLC exist some of the most popular ones are the waterfall model, spiral model, prototype, incremental, fountain model. Each of these models have certain advantages and disadvantages and it depends on the type of the project, its requirements and the development police squad (Kay, 2002). The model that would be used to develop

E-Business Model Essay Example for Free

E-Business assume EssayAn e-Business Model spate is said to be an integration of business and trading models combined with associated protocols e.g. HTML, ASP, EBXML, EDI, etc into a business mechanism which uses the net income as a medium of transaction (McGann 2002). Following are exemplifications of the 5 primary e-business modelsBusiness-to-consumer (B2C) . Here, vendors sell their products over the web to their customers. Barnes Noble.com is an example, where customers can buy old and new books, DVDs, Toys, games etc. The customers stool the flexibility of buying at any time without leaving their home or office. The model of receipts is sales of goods using credit card or services like Paypal.Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) The most popular example of a C2C model is e-bay. Here, people to auction the full stops they own to other people directly. A person can be both buyer and seller, at the same time. Revenue is generated by transaction fees charged per item sold to bu yers and in some cases, sellersConsumer-to-business (C2B) One of the examples for C2B models is com, which allows the consumers who post a message telling the car names, models, scathe limit etc., and dealers bid for them. Fees paid by participating dealers form the bulk of revenues for this company.Business-to-business (B2B) An example of B2B models is com, which provides corporations with an easy representation to distribute safety materials to satellite plants and fill out OSHA reports online. The revenue model is charging for services provided by the company.Business-to- giving medication (B2G) NSW governments e-tendering is an example of a B2G model. This website is mainly used by the business people to apply to different tenders released by the government. The tender applications usually require fee for the successful submission, which forms the revenue model scheme.ReferencesWinkle W.V, How Internet business models work,http//www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/R050 2/20R02/20R02.pdf?guid=Trygstad R, IT as a business model, 2003,http//www.itm.iit.edu/574/week3/Week3.ppt19McGann S. T, Capturing the dynamics of e-business models, 2002,http//domino.fov.uni-mb.si/proceedings.nsf/proceeding/28006F6E9D7E2959C1256E9F00368211/$File/mcgann.pdf

Chief Bill Bratton Leadership Essay Example for Free

Chief Bill Bratton Leadership EssayWhen one thinks of a attracter, what fibre of soul do we think of? Is that individual a hero that we see on television, a toon character, a family member, or is that person a public servant? Regardless of occupation and title, a leader is a person who inspires others and they know how to motivate people. When they arrive, you see something ab protrude them that stands out. The inner strength of their leadership capability emerges. (Gonzalez, 2007, February 1). Leaders are individuals in your area of work who are focused on the tasks at baseball glove and they have a clear and concise vision on what their respective organizations are set out to do. How do you know if you are being an effective leader? A leader is a person who is looked up to and has a plan to get things accomplished. Within groups, a leader is the person who makes the final close for the group and it is a person who is motivated to see success for their organization. A le ader is on a quest and you can see it. (Gonzalez, 2007, February 1).In the area of law enforcement, Bob Vernon states that there are half a dozen questions that every law enforcement officer leader should ask to see if they are being effective leaders. Vernon states that each law enforcement leader should look in the mirror and ask themselves if their organization has the following a.) Direction, b.) Teamwork, c.) Staff development, d.) Principles, values, and policies, e.) Communication, and f.) controls (Vernon 60-62). a couple of(prenominal) officers were more of a leader than William Joseph Bill Bratton was. Bratton was born on October 6, 1947 in Dorchester, Massachusetts which is a suburb of Boston. He attended Boston Technical High School and graduated in 1965. Bratton went on to come in the military and he served in the Vietnam War during the 1960s. Bratton began his police travel with the Boston police section in 1970. Within ten years he rose to the rank of Superinten dent. During Brattons police career he held the position of Superintendent with three of the largest police agencies in the world. Bratton served with the Boston Police Department from 1991-1993, the immature York City Police Department from 1994-1996, and lastly with the Los Angeles Police Department from 2002-2009.During Brattons tenure with the New York Police Department, the work he did resulted in dramatic change in the level of crime in the city. For example, send off rates dropped from 2,500 per year to just less than 1,000 per year. Shootings fell from 6,000 to 3,000 a year and robberies from 85,000 to approximately 50,000 per year. (Blair, 2002, September, 23).

Lexus Rx Essay Example for Free

Lexus Rx EssayIn 2008, Toyota was ranked the worlds number one in motor fomite deed volume with more plants opening in Canada, USA and Mexico. Due to the global recession, Toyota sales dropped tremendously, thereafter. Beginning in early 2010 Toyotas sales, and stock price dropped again due to gas and brake problems with a number of their cars. People were afraid to drive and purchase the 2010 Prius as the brake problems occurred primarily in this line of car. Toyota was no longer ranked number one in motor vehicle production due to the problems the company faced in 2010. Currently in 2011, Toyota is concerned about how swell the Lexus RX 330/350 has done in the North American market? Due to this matter, the operation management team has produced a report that concerns the Toyota Motor Companys North American Lexus production decision made a few years ago and the production of Toyotas strategy for North America. This report includes a particular assessment of the Toyota Pr oduction System (TPS), which allow be used to demonstrate the basic understanding of the TPS and bring up the TPS as a total entity.This report also includes a grid analysis which will be used to help make the North American plant location decision for the Lexus RX 330 Line by listing the key factors as either exogenous or endogenous, stating any relevant assumptions or constraints, and appointment two scores to each factor one for production of the Lexus RX 330 at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing of Canada (TMMC), and one for production at a Toyota factory in the USA. Lastly, this report will recommend an appropriate production dexterity to be built at TMMC, and it will assess Toyotas current regional production strategy in North America.The operation management team will do a thorough assessment of Toyota production in North America. This report will mention the purposes and advantages of the TPS. It will show the profit earn from the Lexus RX 330 line over the five years period from 2003 2007, and how well it is currently doing in 2011. This report will evaluate the current distribution of Toyota production in North America and suggest why Toyota has elect to produce its cars for the North American market in the current manner.

Century World Affairs Essay Example for Free

Century population Affairs EssayThe Caribbean Island of Cuba became a republic after its liberation from Spain at the manpower of the the States. the Statesn presence, both in military, financial and diplomatic ground howalways continued as a means of providing stability and solvency to the island nation. The Cuban Presidents were bungling and unpopular with the general populace, thus, producing revolt. From 1925 onwards, although technic everyy still a democratic republic, the bucolic became an elite dictatorship with an array officer named Fulgencio Batista, having seized control of the Cuban army, pulling the strings from behind the curtains. The government remained depress and incompetent with a rising sense of resentment amongst the general population on their state of affairs. pursuit 1940, he was the decreed President of the country until his departure from office in 1944. In 1952, he seized power again and rule by decree until 1955 when he was select Presid ent in an election with only himself as the candidate. To fructify his victory, the new President issued an amnesty for political pris nonpareilrs and opponents.One of the prisoners was Fidel Castro, who had been jailed for his involvement in the 26th of July incidental in 1953, whereby he had led a column of men to ambush the Cuban military installations at the Moncada Barracks. Castro wasted no time in resuming his revolutionary activities and in 1956, accompanied by Argentine Ernesto Che Guevara, launched an incursion of Cuba, setting sail with his followers from the coast of Mexico.Initially, the rebels were crushed by Batistas forces but the well organized defense of the guerilla headquarters in the Sierra Maestra Mountains sent the wrong signals to Batistas forces. Fledging support for the rebels likewise made matters worse with constant guerilla attacks against Cuban army installations and personnel leading to a diminish in moral within the Cuban military ranks. With a d emoralized army, Batista panicked as the candidate of a full fledged civil war became imminent and fled the country, allowing Castro to march easily into Havana and contour line government.America was deeply aligned with Batistas government all along the way as American businesses had deep rooted interests in the island nation. There is evidence that Castros invasion of Cuba in 1956 could have been funded by the CIA, although these claims remain unsubstantiated. However, given the fact that Batistas increasingly authoritarian actions were a cause of much amazement for democratic Washington, it could be believed that there might have been funding with an attempt to tame Batista and soften his commanding style.Major American involvement came in 1961, when Cuban exiles trained by the American CIA launched an invasion of Cuba to descend Castros government but were defeated at the hands of the Castros army within triplet solar days. This event came to be known as the bay of pigs i nvasion. The revolution survives till today having succeeded in the provision of idealistic well-disposed development targets, although the economy remains small and largely dependent on sugar cane exports. BOLIVIAAfter centuries of Spanish colonial rule, Bolivia gained independence and became an autonomous republic in 1825, having had to armed combat a bloody war with colonial Spain. While great leaps were made in socio sparing development, the indigenous population remained poor and following the Chaco War (1932-1935) where the country suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of Paraguay, resentment against the traditional ruling class grew further as the loss of life and territory was humungous. Following the Chaco war, The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) was created.It represented the middle-class and had a Marxist approach modified for a nationalist and socialist agenda. The party was part of the military civilian regime of Gualberto Villarroel from 1943 to 1946 but was soon expelled from the country by opponent forces. The MNR then staged a brief and bloody civil war in 1949 against the Bolivian government but failed to make any break through. It was in the elections of 1951, that the MNR finally hit jack pot. Having win the elections, it was denied the right to Presidency by the Opposition parties who claimed that the elections were rigged.Following months of protests, agitation and civil unrest, non to mention the conglomerate attempts by the MNR leadership to stage a coup, events took a new turn when MNR revolutionaries together with the La Paz guard force took control of La Paz, the de facto capital of the country. What followed was a bloody, half hearted battle on the side of the Bolivian army. Mass deflections and poor moral gave the MNR a victory and a chance to form government. During its 12 years in power, the MNR was responsible for receiveing universal adult suffrage to Bolivia, put land reforms into practice and promot awkward education.The largest tin mines were nationalized in 1952. However, the most remarkable feat of the revolution was the fact that it incorporated the indigeneos population into the median(prenominal) way of life. US policy remained largely neutral in Bolivias case. The US had war in the Korean Penensuila to deal with at that time. However, the overthrow of the MNR by the Bolivian army in 1964 is sometimes refered to as a CIA backed initiative, suggesting that American policy was largely anti MNR, even if neutral from the outset. CHILE chili gained independence from colonial Spain in 1810, when it was established as an autonomus republic. It was in 1970 that cayenne pepper made history of sorts when it elected by a narrow margin a Marxist government under President Salvador Allende. Whereas all previous communist governments in the world had emerged from chaos and upheavel, the population of Chile legally elected their communist government. The government, however, comprise d various left wing groups and Allende suffered from his inability to bring stakeholder conflict resolution.Allendes problems intensified as he went along. His nationalization of major industries scared away private investment and created dissent amonsgt portions of the population. His problems were further aggravated by capitalist plots and US hostility, esp by the CIA. Allende still took matters at the forefront and continued reforms to the economy and the social sector, demanding international aid and recognition to help him implement his plan for the social and economic development of Chile along socialist lines.While he had many supporters, his opposition was also plenty. While Allende struggled to keep the pieces together in the face of internal coalition bickering, resent amongst portions of the population and US hostility, the opposition and the army solely hoped that Allende would lose the 1973 election and allow for a more centrist President to take power. However, this wa s not to be as Allendes government survived the 1973 election, with millions amongst the population voting for Allende a second time.Following a integral crisis and widespread economic woes and allegations that Allende would soon turn the country towards dictatorship, the military intervened and overthrew his government on September 11, 1973. As a woman Revolutionary As a woman revolutionary in the Cuban revolution, one of the things I would have done differently would have been to secure closer ties with America for economic reasons, rather of becoming a tool in the cold war. Closer relations with America would not need a compromise on Marxist principles.It would rather imply an act of logical sense as America is geograpgically close to Cuba and its products are in high demand there. Closer ties with the USSR and the East European commie bloc make less sense as these countries were geographically distant. In a way, closer economic ties with the USSR have a higher prospect cost. Appeal of Marxist thought in Latin America Marxist thought has had a profound effect on Latin American politics. As first as the 1920s, Marxist movements were springing up in various countries. The reasons are simple.Rising poverty, deplorable conditions of the indigenous Indian population at the hands of the ruling class (of Spanish descent), economic and social backwardness and corrupt and/or incompetent governments forced people to seek alternative ways at addressing the issues at hand. It was these conditions that fuel Marxist thought in Latin America. For many countries, the concept of equality appealed further then ever as they saw the present system merely as an extension of the colonial system, with the capitalist mental capacity at play.Equality of income, rights and stature in society was a totally new concept and presented a welcome change from capitalist individualism. Lack of freedom under strict military governments and persecution at the hands of intelligence agenc ies as a result of political motivations made matters worse. Furthermore, Marxist ideology to seize the opportunity and to fight for ones right further fueled anger amongst an already resentful population. Revolution provided an opportunity for the weighed down pressed populace to vent their anger at incompetent governments. Another important factor at play was hostility to the USA.The USA was seen as a powerhouse of capitalism and US business interests in Latin America were no secret to the local population. The USA had done little to support the population against their incompetent leaders and the perception of the USA was thus that of a Capitalist agent bent on world dominance. The success of Marxism in the USSR esp. its powerful transition from a petty backward country to a world economic and military super power standing eye to eye with the USA provided much food for thought. With the exception of Cuba, communism never really found its deep roots in any country in Latin Americ a.True the Allende Presidency in Chile, the MNR regime of Bolivia from 1952-1964 and the present day regime of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela are near examples, it is worth mentioning that these have been mere off shoots of Marxist conjecture, aiming to bring changes to the original theory and apply them in a more local context. Thus, generally, Marxist thought has make a more centre left approach amongst the population of Latin America. It is also worth mentioning that the force of Marxist thought on Latin America has been so profound that many of the leading figures that the theory is synonymous with are derived from this region.Fidel Castro became a symbol of defiance for the Capitalist West. Allende is renowned for his foray into democracy through democratic elections, bring communism to a country through peaceful means Similarly, Che Guevara is today not only a symbol of communist ideals of using force to attain their goals but is also recognised as the undisputed founder of moder n Guerrilla warfare, a tactic, still utilized by communists and non communists similarly to this day in their fight against imperialism, capitalism and injustice.Works CitedWatson, Jack. Success in 20th Century World Affairs. London John Murray, 1991. Adam Hart -Davis. World History A visual guide. London Longman , 2007. Smith, Alison. master 20th Century World Affairs. London Longman, 1991. Selected Readings from The History Channel Website www. Historychannel. com

Regulation and Criminal Liability Essay Example for Free

Regulation and Criminal Liability EssayCurrently in the joined disk operating systems, the Americans continue to face unfair treatments of wellness c atomic number 18 originals within the work place. Regulates and laws take away been created and mountain forth to help individuals feel protected and to know their rights as a victim of such unlawful acts. People deserve to be treated with respect, especially in the attending of health professionals. In this makeup will contain information on felon liabilities of health professionals and show people who may cede been violated by health care suppliers the steps of filing a civil complaint. In addition, the subject will go into investigating allegations and disciplinary actions. Up-to-date regulatory policy regarding health care professionals is found on the speculation that the market for resources in health care is unsuccessful because consumers do not have complete facts ab expose the nature of services these profes sionals chap. The outcome of some professionals possibly will exploit consumers on the condition lesser-quality services.The theory of economics proposes that in the absence of order, many health care professionals might offer minimum quality services at expensive quality prices to uneducated consumers. Therefore, the main justification for managing health professionals is to expand the quality of their services and to guard the interests of unaware health care consumers. Health care professional guidelines restrict access into the profession by setting the least possible measures of education and experience requisite to practice session. Furthermore, those regulations identify the legal acceptable boundaries of training for the health care provider or the permissible mount of health care professionals training and state the permitted business training of health care professionals. In the United States the federal system of government, regulates every states health care professi onal practice.Health professional training performances are statutory laws that create regulatory or licensing agencies or boarding to promote rules that order medicalpractice. State licensing laws initiating the lesser level of education and experience needed to practice, explain the roles of the profession and bound the act of these roles to authorize individuals. State occupation practice limits restrictions on the services of professionals by for-profit firms, limitations on the operation of trade names, restrictions on the process of numerous workplaces, and boundaries on the place of health care professionals workplaces. Earlier in 1977 state companies practice limitations on frequently incorporated restrictions on marketing by professionals. Principles of Medical Ethics, the American Medical linkup (AMA) declare a physician shall obey the law and record doctors insufficient in character or ability, or engaging in deception or fraud. AMA could refuse membership to doctors gu ilty of criminal activity, in addition to physicians charged with crimes in different countries.Reference to petition for licensure, the Federation of State Medical Boards, in connection of state medical boards responsibility for punishing physicians, suggests that every state medical board slip away criminal record review as part of licensure application practice and all candidates with a criminal background, comes before the committee for questioning to examine the candidates ability for licensure. AMA recognizes that doctors can be criminally arraigned merely to the ground level of statue, and these regulations unlike state to state. Although illustrations from our data demonstrate the regular ordinary sanctions by state medical boards by and by the doctors have been criminally found guilty. According to AMA recent data less than 80 percent of doctors who carried out sexual acts offenses the physicians licenses would be revoked, suspended, or surrendered.Merely 53 % of doctors convicted of criminally possessing, using, or prescribing controlled substances and only 40% of doctors were guilty of criminal wrongdoing connected to the practice of medicine had their licenses surrendered, revoked, or suspended. The statistics show a system that permits confutative physicians to remain practicing medicine after displaying clear unethical and risky behavior. If an individual thinks that a health care provider, local or state government agency, has discriminated against he/she based on national origin, race, age, or disability, unmatched can file a civil rights complaint. OCR can examine disability-based discrimination complaints against programs ran by HHS. Below legitimate regulations and statue, OCR hasslight authority to explore complaints of discrimination based on religion and sex. If an individual believe his/her health care provider moral safety rights have been breached, individuals can file a complaint with OCR.The chance Resolution Manual for Civil R ights Investigations (CRM) offers OCR managers and staff with the strategies and process designed to effectively and promptly investigate, evaluate and mold compliance and complaint evaluation, and to implement violation locations where guaranteed. When filling a complaint an individual have to represent the complaint requirements and that is followed by (http//www.hhs.gov) Be filed in writing, either electronically via or paper the OCR Complaint Portal, by email, fax, or mail. Social service provider or health care provider involved, and describe the acts or skips, that one believed over stepped the civil rights regulations or law. Must be filed in 180 days of when the omission complained of or act occurred.OCR could prolong the 180-day period if individual can provide a worthy reason. In conclusion individuals need to educate themselves on the laws which supposed to protect them from mistreatment of any health care provider and learn the appropriate ways to handle the situation in case of becoming a victim to any type of neglect or abuse. Physicians and nurses should follow the quality standards. Patients are treated with kindness, dignity, compassion, respect, honesty and understanding.References phrase in Health Matrix United States Physicians Disciplined for Criminal Activity, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 fromhttp//www.citizen.org/page.aspx?pid=696Principles of Medical Ethics, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 fromhttp// http//www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/principles-medical-ethics.page United States Department of Health and Human Resources, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 fromhttp//www. hhs.gov/ocr/civilrights/complaints/index.htmlfile Wilson,D., The Regulation of Health worry professionals other than Physicians, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 from

African Literature Essay Example for Free

African lit Essay disrespect the ignorance of most so called literati to the do important of African literature, African literature in fact is one of the main currents of world literature, stretching continuously and directly back to ancient history. Achebe did not invent African belles-lettres, because he himself was inundated with it as an African. He simply made more people awargon of it. The Beginnings of African writings The low gear African literature is circa 2300-2100, when ancient Egyptians begin using burial texts to accompany their dead. These include the first written accounts of creation the Memphite Declaration of Deities.Not only that, but papyrus, from which we originate our word for paper, was invented by the Egyptians, and penning flourished. In contrast, Sub-Saharan Africa feature a vibrant and varied oral finis. To take into account written literary culture without considering literary culture is definitely a mistake, because they two interplay heavily with each other. African oral arts are arts for lifes sake (Mukere) not European arts for arts sake, and so may be considered foreign and strange by European readers. However, they provide useful knowledge, historical knowledge, estimable wisdom, and creative stimuli in a direct fashion.Oral culture takes many forms proverbs and riddles, epic narratives, oration and personalized testimony, praise poetry and songs, chants and rituals, stories, legends and folk tales. This is present in the many proverbs told in Things Fall Apart, and the rich heathenish emphasis of that book also is typically African. The earliest written Sub-Saharan publications (1520) is heavily influenced by Muslim literature. The earliest example of this is the anonymous history of the city-state of Kilwa Kisiwani. The first African history, History of the Sudan, is written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi in Arabic style.Traveling performers, called griots, kept the oral tradition alive, especially the legends of t he Empire of Mali. In great gross the earliest written Swahili work,Utendi wa Tambuka borrows heavily from Muslim tradition. However, there are little to no Islamic presence in Things Fall Apart. The Period of Colonization With the period of Colonization, African oral traditions and written plant came under a serious outside threat. Europeans, justifying themselves with the Christian ethics, tried to destroy the pagan and primitive culture of the Africans, to make them more pliable slaves.However, African Literature survived this concerted attack. In 1789, The Interesting Narrative of the action of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustava Vassa was the first slave narrative to be published. Kidnapped from Nigeria, this Ibo man wrote his autobiography in Great Britain in slope, and like Achebe used his narrative as a platform to attack the injustices of slavery and cultural destruction. choke off in Africa, Swahili poetry threw off the dominating influence of Islam and reverted back to native Bantu forms. One model of this was Utendi wa Inkishafi (Souls Awakening), a poem detailing the vanity of earthly life.The Europeans, by bringing journalism and regime schools to Africa, helped further the development of literature. Local newspapers abounded, and often they featured sections of local African poetry and nobble stories. fleck originally these fell close to the European form, slowly they broke away and became more and more African in nature. One of these writers was Oliver Schreiner, whose novel Story of an African Farm (1883) is considered the first African classic psychoanalysis of racial and sexual issues.Other notable writers, such as Samuel Mqhayi and Thomas Mofolo begin portraying Africans as complex and human characters. Achebe was highly influenced by these writers in their human portrayal of both sides of colonization. Emerging from capital of France in the 1920s and 1930s, the negritude movement established itself as one of the premiere literary movemen ts of its time. It was a French-speaking African search for identity, which ofcourse took them back to their roots in Africa. Africa was made into a metaphorical antipode to Europe, a easy age utopia, and was often represented allegorically as a woman.In a 1967 interview, Cesaire explained We lived in an melodic line of rejection, and we developed an inferiority complex. The desire to establish an identity begins with a concrete consciousness of what we arethat we are black . . . and have a history. . . that there have been beautiful and important black civilizationsthat its determine were values that could still make an important contribution to the world. Leopold Sedar Senghor, one of the prime thinkers of this movement, so fartually became president of the country of Senegal, creating a tradition of African writers becoming active political figures.Achebe was doubt little familiar with the negritude movement, although he preferred to less surrealistic and more realistic wri ting. In 1948, African literature came to the forefront of the world stage with Alan Patons issue of Cry the Beloved Country. However, this book was a somewhat paternalistic and sentimental portrayal of Africa. Another African writer, Fraz Fanon, also a psychiatrist, becomes famous in 1967 through a powerful analysis of racism from the African viewpoint Black Skin, White Masks.Camara Laye explored the deep psychological ramification of being African in his masterpiece, The heavy Child (1953), and African satire is popularized by Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono. Respected African literary critic Kofi Awoonor systematically collects and translates into English much of African oral culture and art forms, preserving native African culture. Chinua Achebe then presents this native African culture in his stunning work, Things Fall Apart. This is probably the most read work of African Literature ever written, and provides a level of deep cultural detail rarely found in European literature .Achebes psychological insight combined with his stark realism make his novel a classic. Post-Achebe African Literature Achebe simply opened the door for many other African literati to attain international recognition. East Africans arouse important autobiographical works, such as Kenyans Josiah Kariukis Mau Mau Detainee (1963), and R. Mugo Gatherus Child of Two Worlds (1964). African women begin to let their voice be heard. Writers such as Flora Nwapa give the feminine African perspective on colonization and other African issues.Wole Soyinka writes her satire of the conflict between modern Nigeria and its tralatitious culture in her book The Interpreters (1965). A prolific writer, she later produces famous plays such as demise and The Kings Horseman. Later, in 1986, she is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. African Literature gains more and more momentum, and Professor James Ngugi even calls for the abolition of the English Department in the University of Nairobi, to be repl aced by a Department of African Literature and Languages. African writers J. M. Coetzee, in his Life and Times of Michael K. written in both Afrikaans and English for his southeastward African audience, confronts in literature the oppressive regime of apartheid.Chinua Achebe helps reunite African Literature as a whole by publishing in 1985 African Short Stories, a collection of African short stories from all over the continent. Another African writer, Naguib Mahfouz, wins the Nobel Prize in literature in 1988. In 1990 African poetry experiences a vital comeback through the work I is a Long-Memoried Woman by Frances Anne Soloman. African Literature is only gaining momentum as time marches onwards.

Coca Cola Strategy Essay Example for Free

Coca Cola dodge showSlide1 International schema (tiu ca slide nh c) The enterprise has core competencies = the competitors in the armament country does not have or difficult to develop, catch up or imitate being not under pressure to localize products and to reduce production bells participations head office play a central roleSlide 2 International schema of Coca Cola (1900 to 1950)1899-1909 added to 379 bottling plants crossways the United States for consumption of ab come forward 70 million liters / year. 1906 developing the first bottling plant in Havana, Cuba = label the first step of Coca dumbbell international market 1936 World War broke out = the bottling plant follow the army and when the war ended, coca has owned subsidiaries in 64 countries. 1950 Coca low-down started advertising on TV = effects promote in worldwise Slide 3 Global StrategyA business strategy as worldwide market or single marketCompany produce and deliver the products which are standardi zed and identical. Businesses build production facilities globally in locations with low cost as the basis for operational efficiency = save cost The operation of the system will be connected and coordinated through a central management official Make the business does not pay attention to the important differences between different markets = opportunity for competitors to jump in and meet the of necessity Slide 4 Global Strategy of Coca cola (1950 to early 2000)Coca-cola implementing global business strategy by producting homogeneity, uniforming marketing strategy worldwide.In the 1970s and 1980s+ very diversified distribution system in both horizontal and vertical, + the bottling plants of Coca-Cola were on around the world+ linked the retail stores to serve consumers better.In the 1990s find new market with the advantages of the new front to the market = Africa and Asia Slide 5 Transnatoinal strategyMake a separate strategy for each country in which businesses consume theirproduct s. Implemented localized products and methods of marketing products to suit the tastes and preferences of each national market Slide 6 Transnatoinal strategy of Coca cola (from 2000s to now) Set up independent subsidiaries, joint ventures in different markets = carry out the research and increment stage products, manufacturing and marketing products in the local market. In the early 2000s success on a global scale with nature is a business providing consumer goods Local adaptation Think local, act local strategy towards adaptation but not contrary to the traditional strategy of company-global strategy Distributed organizational structure harmonize to geographic area, including five areas-North America Latin America. Europe, Asia, Europe and the Middle East borders. Asia Africa.Slide 7 localization of function strategy of Coca colaLocalization strategy the practice of adjusting a products functional properties and characteristics to accommodate the language, cultural, policy-maki ng and legal differences of a foreign market or country. For Coca Cola this will be do through a number of actions, first is changing their method of advertising. Ex In India the use of celebrities would be used more than in Africa whereby football is the bigger love of the people Coca-Cola decided to change their iconic product name to something a little more consumer-friendly for Chinese market, adopted to use Chinese characters to demonstrate a truly localized version of their logo. Cui cng l ci clip t gi hm trc nh Hi.

Analysis of front cover of best Essay Example for Free

Analysis of front cover of best EssayBest is published by ACP-NatMag and falls into the category of womans lifestyle magazine. Best has to compete with some other major magazines such as Reveal and Bella. Bests front cover has to make an impression on its audience by making itself b refine, adventurous and bubbly. This is achieved using different methods to entice the proofreader, with extremely conspicuous colours such as pink, yellow, blue and gabardine which clash, using Fern Britton in the traditional picture used on every magazine, and through human lodge in stories as well as shocking stories which progress invite the reader to buy the magazineThe main(prenominal) story line Drop 7lb Faster suggests that the magazine is trying to tempt the audience into learning the secrets of a celebrity diet, but actually only tells the reader a fraction of what to do on the inside. Eventually, as the audience is non fully aw be that there will not be the best tips and reading i nside, the reader still has become elicit and wants to find out more. After the reader has looked into the main nerve-catching story, the reader is left almost feeling cheated after the promise of a weight loss programme.The audiences eye is drawn to this as it is positioned to the left at the top of the page, reform below the masthead.. The words in the explicate are used in the typical sans serif font, but with striking colours. It is located just underneath the Best logo in a assembly lineing colour which immediately draws attention to itself. The bright and unmannerly text is the biggest size used on the cover besides the masthead, as the logo is most important. It clear stands out from any other object on the cover.The word Faster is actually italicised, this leads to the word spirit as if it is actually moving, going faster, almost blurring away from the other words. The television presenter, Fern Britton, is placed on the right side of the magazine, as the biggest pho tograph on the cover. The image of the presenter is conventional for this type of magazine, she is well-nigh the resembling age as the targeted audience, making her a potential friend, where she is acting as a symbol, almost as a mothering figure, someone you can link up to.She is a striking image compared to the bland white range which she is placed on. She looks straight out at the audience in a confident manner, smiling at the audience in a friendly way, reinforcing that the magazine is trying to make itself appear to be a friend to the reader. She is wearing a formal black dress which provides an interesting contrast between her and the background. disrespect the celebrity status she appears to have in the photograph, she is pictured lower down to her right in a normal everyday situation with her child.The photograph almost makes the reader feel the likes of that is her and can relate to her like family. The title next to the picture, FERN HRT has made me a NICER MUM is in a manoeuver form of address which makes the audience feel like they are being spoken to directly. It is in a big, bright, contrasting colour compared to the background photograph. Also, the way the magazine refers to Fern, is almost as if the audience are secretive to her. As well as fulfilling some of the audiences needs, i. e.makeshift friendship, it suggests that because the magazine refers to the presenter in a clam up way, the audience is getting advice from a celebrity. One of the cover lines is cleverly written to entice the audience in time more than any other story. Because it offers simple ways for 9 EASY DINNERS, most women would be interested in learning the secrets of quick appetising meals, as 5 dishes are displayed in images. However it is realizable that the readers could somehow feel disillusioned because as they read on to they find that the meals actually take around 45 minutes to an hour.One other cover line SISTERS OF COURAGE stands out from the others, as it is not in big, diaphanous multicoloured, yet in smaller red sans serif font, with bullet point styled bank on a white background. This can make the impression that its a shocking story. The picture to the right of the cover line is of two normal looking sisters, together, with an exclusive tag underneath. This can make the reader feel smug as they are reading a story that other magazines may not posses.The phrase underneath the cover line is somewhat exaggerated slightly as it quotes We broke our belt up to JAIL our EVIL DAD. The three words, JAIL, EVIL and DAD are in a dark red, bold font. As red is seen to be an evil colour, it emphasises the words more to make them more dramatic and shocking. My 3 Miracles, mended my broken heart underneath is a cover line with a photo of triplets. The three are placed on a bright pink background, easily noticeable. The triplets make a bold contrast as the colours are completely different to the background, making the image stand out.Yet as it does this, the photograph is a heart warming, enticing the reader to read on. Again, the way that the phrase is being displayed, it further reinforces that the magazine is your friend talking directly out to you in a informal manner, almost like the other person telling the story is there, next to reader. In conclusion, the BEST editor has used a proven publication model to entice the fickle public to purchase and read its magazine in preference to a competitor.

Black Elk Speaks Essay Example for Free

gloomy elk Speaks EssayBlack red deer Speaks is about a Native Ameri go off boy that has visions and these visions help him with the religious aspects of live. He has these visions that tell him what to do and shows him the path to righteousness. These visions can also be seen as storys, which be stories that try to let off something. Every refinement has their own arrangement of myths. Black Elk Speaks is also a very symbolic book, because it has the use of umteen objects or commonwealth that represent other things. In the American culture, as well as other cultures around the world, ar also very symbolic.The American culture is very various in that thither are many different cultures that have entangled and created the American culture. The American culture is not something that is easily explained, because it is so mixed with many other cultures from around the world. At first there were American Indians and they brought along their tribes and myths and rituals. T hen came the British and over time the Chinese because of the California gold rush. In time America was in fit out with many different nationalities and ideas. These ideas were slowly but surely blended together.As for example, when the British shared their meal with the Indians they were also sharing their culture and food. The exchange of food and other ideas brought the two distant worlds closer. The to a greater extent consequential ideas are what does all this exchanging of food and ideas symbolize? A symbol is something such as an object, picture, written word, sound, or particular mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention(Wikipedia, 1).The object used in Black Elk Speaks is a pipe, given to them by a young and very beautiful woman, which symbolizes assumption and companionship. Now, my friend, let us smoke together so that there may be only good between us (Black Elk Speaks, 5). Black Elk and Neihardt have a smoke together to share th eir friendship and trust between the two. The pipe can also symbolize peace amongst people and/or tribes. Another act, such as the killing of a bison, might be seen as bravery, integrity, courage, pride. The American culture changed drastically when more cultures were included, such as the Chinese and African Americans.Slaves brought in from Africa, which meant that they brought along their culture and tendencies to America. Even though thraldom was not the right thing to do, it brought a new culture into America and made it more diverse and developed. For example, superstitions are something that has shaped the culture as well. Spilled salt, walking on a lower floor a ladder, a broken mirror, etcetera are all superstitions that are said to lead to severe luck. When someone does one of these things they believe that bad luck is upon them. This causes them to act in a different behavior.Something bad in the future happens they may flex and blame it on the bad luck. Maybe some of the things that happen are just coincidences but culture has taught us to believe that it was the bad luck caused by the spilled salt, broken mirror, or walking under a ladder. Another big symbol in Black Elk Speaks is the four bay wreaths tied to the pipe that Black Elk and Neihardt smoke. It represents the powers of the four quarters of the universe. There are four ribbons tired to the pipe and each ribbon is a different color, which symbolizes a different power.Black is for the west, the source of the rain red is for the east, the place of the break of day star that gives wisdom white is for the north, source of cleansing wind and yellow is for the south, the places of summer and growth. Myths are other big thing that shapes a culture. Black Elks visions are like the myths in this story. In his vision, a bay horse greets Black Elk. He then tells Black Elk that he lead tell him a story of the life history of himself. The horse walks in a circular accomplishment Behold me he said, My life-history you shall see. Behold themTheir history you shall know (Black Elk Speaks, 19). Each side that the horse goes to there are twelve horses that are each in a group of different colors. The horses to the north are white, those to the east are sorrel, those to the south are buckskin, and the ones to the west are black. The horses will take Black Elk to his Grandfathers. The sky fills with dancing horses that change into diverse creators and lead a formation of the horses from the four directions. They arrive at a cloud those changes into a tepee with a rainbow door, which inside the six Grandfathers are waiting.A myth is like a traditional story which usually contains some sort of hero or event. In this myth, the vision that Black Elk is having, is an event that is occurring. A bay horse appears in front of him and shows him the way to meet the six Grandfathers. Sometimes myths may sound like a fairy tale. For example, in quaint China, there was once this monke y that was very troublesome and cause destruction to the heavens. He was punished and border under a mountain. After about several hundred to a thousand years a monk comes along to save the monkey and there starts a journey of adventures and evil to obtain immortality.This is a myth because it is a legend of a hero that is punished for his crimes and therefore pays his debt by serving under his master. There are many aspects of a culture. The American culture is very diverse and tough to explain in one short answer. There is no true American culture because it is just a mixture of different cultures from around the world. Black Elk Speaks shows the forms of myths and symbols and how they contribute to American culture. Black Elks myths and symbols are very similar to those of the American culture.

Damage and destruction Essay Example for Free

Damage and devastation EssayA suicide attack, also known as suicide bombing, homicide bombing, or kamikaze is an attack think to kill others and inflict widespread misemploy and destruction, in which the aggressor is expecting or intending to die in the process. The idea of self-sacrifice has long been a pull up stakes of war. However, many instances of suicide bombing today have mean civilian targets, not military targets alone. Suicide bombing as a tool of stateless terrorists was stargaze up a hundred years ago by the European anarchists immortalized in Joseph Conrads hush-hush datent. (Feldman, 2006).The ritual act of self-sacrifice during combat appeared in a medium-large scale at the end of World War II with the japanese kamikaze bombers. In these attacks, airplanes were used as flying bombs. later in the war, as Japan became more desperate, this act became formalized and ritualized, as planes were outfitted with explosives specific to the chore of a suicide mission. Kamikaze strikes were a weapon of asymmetric war used by the Empire of Japan against United States Navy and Royal Navy aircraft carriers, although the armored flight deck of the Royal Navy carriers atrophied Kamikaze effectiveness.Suicide attacks were used as a military tactic aimed at causing material damage in war, during the Second World War in the Pacific as Allied ships were attacked by Nipponese kamikaze pilots who caused maximum damage by flying their explosive-laden aircraft into military targets, not focused on civilian targets. During the scrap for Berlin the Luftwaffe flew Self-sacrifice missions (Selbstopfereinsatz) against Soviet bridges over the River Oder. These total missions were flown by pilots of the Leonidas Squadron on a lower floor the command of Lieutenant Colonel Heiner Lange.From 17 April until 20 April 1945, using any aircraft that were available, the Luftwaffe claimed that the squadron destroyed 17 bridges, however the military historian Anto ny Beevor when writing nigh the incident thinks that this was exaggerated and that only the railway bridge at Kustrin was definitely destroyed. He comments that thirty-five pilots and aircraft was a high price to pay for such a limited and temporary success. The missions were called off when the Soviet argument forces reached the vicinity of the squadrons airbase at Juterbog.(Beevor). Suicide bombing is a popular tactic among Palestinian terrorist organizations like Hamas, Islamic jihad, and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade. Bombers affiliated with these groups often use so-called suicide belts, explosive devices (often including shrapnel) designed to be strapped to the body under clothing. In order to maximize the loss of life, the bombers seek out cafes or city buses crowded with state at rush hour, or less publicly a military target (for example, soldiers waiting for imparting at roadside).By seeking enclosed locations, a successful bomber usually kills a large number of people . In Israel, Palestinian suicide bombers have targeted civilian buses, restaurants, shopping malls, hotels and marketplaces. (Analysis Palestinian suicide bombings). Palestinian television has aired a number of music videos and announcements that promote eternal reward for children who seek shahada, which Palestinian Media Watch has claimed is Islamic motivation of suicide terrorists.The Chicago Tribune has documented the concern of Palestinian parents that their children are promote to take part in suicide operations. Israeli sources have also alleged that Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah operate Paradise Camps, training children as young as 11 to become suicide bombers. Papes Dying to Win The Strategic system of logic of Suicide Terrorism (2005) contradicts many widely held beliefs about suicide terrorism.Based on an analysis of every known case of suicide terrorism from 1980 to 2005 (315 attacks as part of 18 campaigns), he concludes that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, or any one of the worlds religions . Rather, what nearly all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from dirt that the terrorists consider to be their homeland (p.4).The taproot of suicide terrorism is nationalism, he argues it is an extreme strategy for national merelyton (pp. 79-80). Papes work examines groups as diverse as the Basque ETA to the Sri Lankan Tamil Tigers. Pape also notably provides further evidence to a growing body of literature that finds that the majority of suicide terrorists do not come from impoverished or uneducated background, but rather have middle class origins and a significant level of education.In a criticism of Papes link between occupation and suicide terrorism, an article titled Design, Inference, and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (published in The American Political Science Review), authors Scott As hworth, Joshua D. Clinton, Adam Meirowitz, and Kristopher W. Ramsay from Princeton charged Pape with sampling on the dependent variable by limiting research only to cases in which suicide terror was used.In a response to the article, Pape asserted that he dealt with these objections sufficiently in his book, and that he had not sampled at all, but rather included the universe of suicide terrorist attacks. (American Political Science Review, 2008).ReferencesFeldman, Noah. (29 Oct 2006). Islam, Terror and the Second Nuclear Age Beevor, Antony. (2002). Berlin The Downfall 1945. Penguin Books. Analysis Palestinian suicide bombings (May 2008). American Political Science Review. Volume 102, Issue 02, pp 269-273.

Climate Change On Food Security Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change On Food Security Environmental Sciences demonst topical anestheticizeRoughly a billion peck around the world live their life in continuous fear of what to eat at night or how to provide for their familys and humanitys failure to give them better advance has been one of its most uncontrollable flaws. This research paper talks about the negative effects of temper win over on diet warranter. Long term change in the earths humour especially a change collect to an increase in the average atmosphere is what we call mode change, and many people atomic number 18 abnormal by it right now all around the world. Food certificate is a scenario that prevails when all individuals, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to adequate, safe, and healthy meals that fits their nutritional needs and meals choices for an in effect(p) and healthy life, but the negative effect, the adverse external effect changes these situation for people. Climate change has loath virtually significance for viands for thought production and availability of food all over the world. Trying to view the boilers suit match of climate change on our food can be tough. Constant Changes in the climate change like, drought and floods could pose as a challenge for heighteners and fishers. Right now climate change is already having a great influence to the timber and to the quantity of food gaind causing it to increase malnourishment. The guinea pig of climate change and food protective cover is a very sensitive issue to touch upon since food is one of the most important parts of our daily life. Imagine a year where there is no rainfall, or a cold weather in a wrong time of year, or raze floods, they all can have a great deal of impact on local act upon yields and livestock production. However not everyone around us is aware of these issues, therefore this paper informs people to give that climate change can affect every part of food production like th e impact of climate change on food availability. This paper manly focuses to inform people about the changes that climate change can bring to food production and what are the consequences of not being able to produce food.Impacts on Food Production and AvailabilityJoseph Schmidhuber and his associates examined the effect of climate change on food security all around the world. The article reviews the impact of climate change and how it has a big impact on food production and food price. Climate change is most definitely to affect the manufacture of food in several ways. The more known impact of climate change on the volume and quality of food produced is the effect of weather patterns that are constantly changing over time, in addition these changes are varied based mainly on location and the effect might be greater in divergent macrocosms (Schmidhuber et al., 2007). Worldwide the weather conditions are to become more unreliable than present, with the increase in the rate and asp erity of intense events such as cyclones, floods, hailstorms, and droughts. By providing greater changes in crop yield and local food resources and greater threats of landslides and erosion damage, they can adversely affect the balance of foods resources and thus foods security (Schmidhuber et al., 2007).Liliana Hisas (2011) looks at the issues by assessing and collaborating population growth, food development, nutrition and undernourishment, and connecting these factors to climatic change, to measure the effects on food development. Recuperating more area fit for market-gardening production is unlikely. Hisass research has shown that globally the amount of area that is useful for land lead remain the same in 2080 as it is today, because increases in useful land in some regions will be mostly balance by failures in others. It is the other two elements, irrigate and different climate conditions which would most significantly affect food development globally overdue to climatic c hanges. The expect effects of climatic change on food development are farming in low-latitude areas, due to reduced water availableness and adverse water balances and water resources in mid-latitude and dry low-latitude areas, due to changes in rainfall (Hisas, 2011 16). Wulf Killmann (2008) investigates in the article paper a wider view and examines the multiple effects that global melting and climatic change could have on food systems and food security. It also explains the adverse effect of not having enough food and not being able to produce food to feed a nation. greater temperature ranges lead to heat pressure for vegetation, improving sterility and decreasing general development. Greater temperature ranges also increases water loss from vegetation and dirt, enhancing water supplies while decreasing water accessibility. In many locations, growing seasons are changing, environmental locations are moving, and rain fall is becoming more unforeseen and not reliable two in its t ime and its volume. This is leading to greater doubt and increased risks for farm owners and potentially deteriorating the value of traditional farming knowledge such as when to plant particular crops (Killmann, et al., 2008).Agriculture is important for food security in two ways, it generates the food people eat and it provides the main profit for 36 % of the globes total employees. In the intensely booming nations of Japan and the Hawaiian, this share varies from 40 to 50 %, and in sub-Saharan Africa, two-thirds of the working population still earns a living from agriculture. If farming growth in the low-income developing nations of Japan and Africa is seriously affected by global warming, the earnings of huge numbers of the non-urban short(p) will be put at danger and their access to meals uncertainty will be increased. Effects on the food production will impact food supply at the international and regional levels. Worldwide, higher results in in correct areas could balance ou t lower results in in exotic areas. However, in many low-income nations with limited pecuniary capacity to trade and high dependance on their own development to cover food requirements, it whitethorn not be possible to balance out problems in regional supply without increasing dependency on food aid. Effects on all forms of farming development will impact the earnings and access to foods. Manufacturer groups that are less able to deal with climate change, such as the non-urban inadequate in developing nations, risk having their safety and wellbeing composed (Killmann, et al., 2008).To be food secure, a nation, family, or individual needs regular access to adequate food resources. The concept of food stability represents the accessibility and availability to food. Climate uncertainty is an important aspect in a constant food supply. For example, the judge improvement in rate and asperity of intense events such as flooding and droughts can reach significant changes in crop and loc al food resources. In addition, agriculture workers and others who rely on farming earnings in a region where extreme weather activities are increasing would be at high stake of losing their income and, their ability to purchase food (Hisas, 2011 23). It also will lower the lifestyle conditions of farm owners, fisherman and forest-dependent individuals who are already inferior and food insecure. Hunger and lack of nutrition will increase. Non-urban areas dependent on farming in a weak environment will face an immediate chance of increased crops failing and lack of livestock. Mostly at danger are individuals living along shorelines, in floodplains, hills, dry areas, and the arctic. In general, the inadequate will be at probability of food uncertainty due to lack of resources and lack of sufficient insurance policy (Killmann, et al., 2008). Climate change will have a great effect on all aspect of food security, like food availability, food stability, and food consumption. The value of the many matter and the overall effect of climate change on food security will be different across areas and over time and, most of all, is identified by the overall position that a country has achieved as the effects of climate change has set in.

Unions And The Hotel Industry Management Essay

Unions And The Hotel Industry Management Essay part c ar meats amaze been a signifi tooshiet factor for civiliseers in the linked States, beginning in the lately 18th century and peaking in 1945 when 35 percent of the non-agricultural officiate sop up was amount of moneyized, it is no secret that the membership of trade unions in the private domain has significantly been declining. The reason for stemma whitethorn be the globalization of products, utter more or less with overseas competition with overseas manufacturers causing a decline in sales and work may be. Several studies point to compositional changes in the U.S. labor force in terms of demographic, industrial, oroccupational factors (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). In addition, the cost of union workers have as intimately become so expensive that it may be difficult for some industries to postulate. Recently both Chrysler and General Motors went through bankruptcies primarily to regain the ability to compete by disavow ing union contracts which impose specific wages and benefits that the comp whatever express they could no farseeinger afford. era the advantage/hospitality industry in the past was a weak section of the union movement, it is forthwith seen a ripe target for the unions to append their membership (Source.. BLS). Given the meek wages, unequal line of merchandise security, leave out of trust of corporations and managers, and for many English not being their for the first time language (which often increases the fear of petition for something), it was only a matter of time that hotel workers would embrace the appraisal and welcome someone coming in and saying they can make their life better with increased, wages, benefits and operative conditions. It should be preeminenced that even with the decline of numbers, unions ar still an influential force. (Silverman, Jacob. how Labor Unions Work. June 2007. How Stuff Works.http//money.how stuff works.com/labor.union.htm June 26 2010 and it hopes to be an influential force within the hospitality industry.John Wilhelms said What workers in this industry remove, what the country needs is a lasting campaign to do in the attend sector what we did in the manufacturing 70 years ago metamorphose low-wage work into decent jobs that give people the opportunity to make it into the middle class. (Source).With all this being said the large percentage of hotel workers argon not union members yet. In fact approximately 8% of hospitality workers be union members. However, with the new CARD CHECK, and the feeling of powerlessness in their employment, time is coming. But the mind is why? Every hotelier retires that people are our business and people are our greatest resourcefulness to profits, yet many in the hospitality industry have forgotten about their prime asset, their workersThis musical theme reviews certain key humans relations practices at leading extravagance hotel companies and the goals and method s of the leading trade union representing hotel and hospitality workers in the United States and Canada. The purpose is to task whether the HR practices employed by leading prodigality hotel companies are compatible with the goals and methods of the leading hospitality union.In this paper we will look at the unions within the hospitality industry, goals of the employees and the methods the leading trade union representing hotel and hospitality workers in the United States are using. We will also look at leading high life hotel companies, some of which have been named in the top 100 companies to work, and assess whether the HR practices employed by leading luxury hotel companies are compatible with the goals and methods of the leading hospitality union. (Fortune).The impersonal herein is to assess whether the human resource practices employed by these hotels are compatible with those of the unions is to provide an instinct of unions within the hospitality industry as well as to assess whether these leading luxury hotels human resource practices are compatible with the goals of the unions. The questions are a) with good human resource practices do we need unions and b) if unions are here to stay, can we work as partners with benefit to both industries.To achieve these goals, this paper will first provide a short history of unions which will include the methods of which they are presently using to increase membership of the hotel workers. We will look at the specific goals of the employees and how it relates to unions within the industry how lack of attaining these goals may be impacting the industry. The luxury hotels we taper on are Marriott and the Four Seasons.Review of Union HistoryUnions in the United States date back to the 18th century, with its first strike by the printers in New York City, in 1794. The issues indeed were not much different from today a shorter work week and an increase in wages. The idea of coming to together to achieve a common goal was began to take hold in the 1800s. Workers as a Federation were seeking shorter work hours, from a 12 to 10 hour work week. In the beginning of the 20th century the union membership rose to 6.78 percent of workers to 13.24 percent in 1936. In 1945, shortly after World War II and a booming economy, the unions r from each oneed their peak with 35% of the industrial and manufacturing work force becoming members. Even the great hotels in large American Cities were unionized at that time. (Summer 2006).Unions and the Hotel IndustryWhile during the peak of the labor movement, great hotels in American Cities were unionized, today approximately 8% of hotel workers belong to a union. Even considering the general decline in union members, the gap is quite significant. What happened? characteristically hotel workers are low paid, work for tips, and due to large turnover they are not around long enough to be in a bargaining position throughout their career. Considering that at that time they did not fit the conventional union pattern, unions went on to the automotive, industrial, and manufacturing sectors. However, with the outsourcing of materials, competitive products from overseas and going away of dominance from many of the manufacturing and industrial industries, these industries are not as prominent as they once were. It appears that what once caused the service industry to be neglected by unions, now may be become their holy grail (Sherwyn, Eigen and Wagner, 2006.The Hotel Industrys Summer of 2006) blend AND here(predicate) joined forces to become UNITE HERE in 2004 and are putting 50% of their internal budget to organize the non organized as that is their goal and main focus. ((Sherwyn, Eigen and Wagner, 2006.The Hotel Industrys Summer of 2006) UNITEs John Wilhelms said What workers in this industry need, what the country needs is a permanent campaign to do in the service sector what we did in the manufacturing 70 years ago transform low-wage work into decent jobs that give people the opportunity to make it into the middle class. (Source). Why do the workers of the hospitality industry indispensableness to organize? Everyone wants their fair fate of the pie and power comes with numbers. What they want is improved wages, better working hours, better working condition, benefits and job security. It is interesting to note that while the hospitality membership is growing in the United States, Great Britain still has difficulty unionizing this group. The reasons are similar, low pay, low job security, high labor turnover and arbitrary management. Current interviews with managers in Scotland concurred earlier studies that there is tension by the managers as well as reluctance to accept a need for union for union representation. In fact they believe that unions are irrelevant.What do hotel workers want that they feel the unions can get for them?What do they want and what goals does the Union have for them? Better Wages, job security, safe environment to work and respect. Since the 1980s the hotel industry has been steadily growing. Even with the glitch after 9/11, the industry is growing, yet the salaries of hotel workers are not keeping up. The median salary of most hotel workers like, housekeepers, doormen, servers, bell hops have not unplowed up with the median salary of the average U.S. worker. (This of bunk is without tips). Moreover, the gap between the high earner and low earner in this industry has grown wider and wider, creating more(prenominal) anger and distrust towards management.Back in 2000, for hotel service workers, the median wage was $8.62 per hour, $3.41 per hour below the overall median hourly wage of $12.03 (These wages may not include tips for such workers as waiters and waitresses, bartenders, and bellhops.) The wage gap between high- and low-wage hotel workers has grown during the last two decades.In 1979, high-wage hotel workers earned 240 percent of what their low-wage counterparts earned and in 2000, 325 percent of what their low wage counterpart workers earned. Moreover, the variety between high and low wage earners was larger in the hospitality industry that in several(prenominal) otherwises even if the overall wage levels are similar, including meatpacking, nursing homes, building services, laundry services, department stores, grocery stores, and baby care. (Bureau of Statistics) Even more disparaging are the non-supervisory hotel employees salary with the CEOs of a number of chains these people work for. For example, the Hyatt CEO earns 3,670,913 per year which calculates to $1,835.46 per hour Starwoods ($ 8,240,034 per year/ $4,120.02 per hour) Marriott ($4,280,311 per year/$2,140.16 per hour) and Wyndham ($6,095,801/ $3,047.90 per hour. Source Proxy Statements for annual meetings filed with US Securities and supersede Commission available at www.sec.govWith regards to a safe environment blue collar and service workers have a higher risk of injury, w ork cogitate injuries and exposure to chemicals. (Public Health Reports/September 2007/Volume 122 670-679). Without a union, many service workers may never get the opportunity to express their concerns and needs regarding their job related health issues. However, with the union behind the worker, a 40 year old immigrant from Aguascalientes, Mexico was able to do just now that. As part of a campaign to raise awareness regarding health perils in the hotel housekeeping, she will be able to improve her workplace environment and will not have to trade their health for any wage. Housekeepers have a high rate of pain with some having to take pain pills before pass to work. In addition the rate of injury among housekeepers is almost twice as much as other service workers. Because this worker is in a unionized hotel, she can now seek medical health, where others working in a non unionized environment have no insurance, thus impeding their ability to have care. Opportunities to improve th e health of a worker is a benefit to not only management only to the public as well. This was foster demonstrated in a study reported by in Public Health Reports. (Public Health Reports/ September October 2007. Even though every employer has to follow the Occupational prophylactic Health Act, the environment can sometimes be unsafe and unhealthy such has cleaning materials and routine hand smoke.Union Contract ProvisionsReviewing the union contract between Sunstone Hotel Properties, Inc. and UNITE HERE Local 21 of Rochester, Minnesota for the period September 5, 2005 through August 31, 2010, a number of the hotel workers goals were turn to with standard render concerning wages, overtime, benefits, seniority, termination only for cause, and mark procedures.In addition, there are some provisions which reflect the unique nature of hotel operations. A Guest Service addendum states that premiere lymph node service is essential to the success of the hotel and provides progressive d iscipline up to discharge for poor, rude or discourteous guest service. This addendum also requires the hotel to train the employees in providing premiere guest service and allows termination of employees who fail the course or tests concerning the hotels service standards. (Conflicts with between union and employerSuccessful luxury hotels such as Four Seasons and Marriott know that their employees are their greatest asset. They seek to embrace their employees into their family and have a culture of caring, open parley, fair answer of disputes, innovative staffing initiatives and supportive management. Unions also consider the employees as their asset and seek to insinuate into the relationship and communication process between the employer and the employee and tend to stifle creative problem solving by the formal grievance procedure and the desire for uniformity. Creative staffing is also more difficult due to the union work rules. The hotels want to embrace their employees into their corporate culture and family. The union seeks to have the employees consider the union as their family and necessary to encourage them from the employer.Some hotels have more difficult labor relations than others. In its 2009 initial public offering prospectus, Hyatt Corporation identified one of the major risk factors of its business as, Negotiations of collective bargaining agreements, or changes in labor legislation, could disrupt our operations, increase our labor costs or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies. Hyatt is now the subject of a nationwide boycott due to the fervency of 100 housekeepers in Boston after replacing them with minimum wage temporary workers. imagery Functions and Unions meetingA review of the literature notes via surveys, conferences, that human resource issues remain the most frequently noted field of operation of concern. Much of the literature suggests that human resources is the central a rea of concern. Among a number of the issues within this area are retention and job satisfaction. According to one survey conducted in 2008, hotel managers. What one or two problems or concerns are most troubling to you as a manager? A total of 243 individuals from over sixty countries participated and the most frequently identified area of concern is human resources issues, such as attraction, retention, training and evolution of the industrys workforce Human resources are key to grown the overwhelming sentiment, similar to a paper pen seven years earlier.(March 2009 Cornell Hospitality Report)A major human resource concern in the hospitality industry is the large turnover. Every time an employee leaves there are costs connected to new training, loss of productivity and loss of knowledge (Tracey Hinki 20606). With this in mind it would only behoove the companys to provide an exit interview to find out where the problem lies. (Tracey Hinkin, 2008) In another study indicated tha t while job satisfaction, extrinsic rewards, voice attachments, organizational commitment and organizational prestige were the most frequently mentioned . However, what it is noteworthy is that those employees who were non hourly and high perormers were more likely to endorse advancement opportunities and prestige as reasons for remaining with the firm. On the other hand, low performers and hourly employees were more likely to choose extrinsic rewards as the reason or staying.With regards to unions and its impact on retention, non union personnel were more likely to leave if they were not satisfied, while union employees may indicate poor satisfaction but with no intent to leave. This indicates that the voice given to employees by the union was significant (Friedman, etal 2007) state are our most important commodity. Steven Porter, urged accountability from HR and senior leadership on people-related issues..Its not the bricks and morter. Its not the creativity. Its the people He al so basically told more than 600 people that if this industry does not pay well we should at least do a better job of respecting individuals, engaging the heart of employees and expanding their horizons.On partnering with Unions interests are much great stated Christopher T. Chee, managing director of an equity firm that invests heavily in the hotel industry and further stated that partnership with unions is more productive than not. labor is a huge issue in hotels chairwoman of UNITE-HERE said both employers and unions will be losers unless they join together to create good public policy. And the (Human Resource Executive Online-Story2010)Our employees are our most important commodity, satisfied employees..satisfied customers result is increased revenue. People are our most important resource If we are in the people business, shouldnt we know how to make our own employees satisfied and pull do we need unions for this?ConclusionTo provide superb customer service luxury hotels must travel their employees to give more than the minimum level of effort to their jobs. They must build a culture where each employee is motivated to provide an extra level of effort. Although unions are seeking the best for their members the union culture with its us versus them confrontational style is not designed to encourage the level of engagement need by luxury hotels. If a hotel is focused on the employees well being, open communication, and a general sense of care and in truth direct their energy on taking care of their employees first, then the entire purpose of the union would complete to exist.Not every hotel is willing or able to provide employees with the types of benefits and environment that will increase employee job satisfaction and retention.This may due to competitive reasons or the desire to generate superior economic returns for the owners and management. The unions may be able to help the employees of such ventures.They will not be successful at luxury hotels wi th progressive employee relations models.