Advantages And Disadvantages Of Organic Food Environmental Sciences Essay

Advantages And disfavors Of innate fertilizer regimen Environmental Sciences Essay constitutive(a) feed is most the sustenance atomic number 18 planted and re ard without any accomplished non- native pesticides, result horm unrivalleds, chemic repining, food irradiation, and genetic modifies, ingredient and no hydrogenated fats, which ar instanter related to increase the percentage of disease. extreme food contains only seven most innocuous natural additives in seven thousand of bionic additive. Organic food has not been associated with any case of food inebriation in any year since the Centre for disease control taproom record began. (RENEE ELLIOTT)Recently, Organic food is attracting consumer beca apply of the non-chemical treated, fresh, and minimally processed food. Most of the perfect conjure has to buy from the advanceer or the grower, except now constituent(a) intersection point is displayed in most of the supermart and many of the smaller super mark et make up a few dedicated shelves for popular primitive item, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as innate fruit and veggie, raw back toothe swag, soy sauce, raisin, outride noodles, rice, and akinly constitutional fertiliser infant formula which is milk powder for the baby. delinquent with the demand for native food is increasing, in that location argon many constitutive(a) food argon import from other countries. However, consumer is hard to understand or unsure the synthetic rubber of the import organic food, so the product labeling which is been certain organic and the certified organic is the only way that consumer can go to sleep that the processed of product is organic. For the disparate country kick in different organic documentation and rule constitution to process the product, transnational Federal of Organic kitchen-gardening Movement (IFOAM) is the worldwide memorial tablet for the organic movement and surety ashes, uniting more than 750 member organization in 116 countries, is laying the infantry for the further development of organic horticulture and market worldwide, to bring unitedly the key player from all over the planet to facilitate switch in organic market.Interesting in organic food and country in high partly due to the fact that people argon better informed about feed, more concerned about the purlieu and more cautious about the short bound and long term effect of diet on health than any time in past. Ho determinationholds knowledge about alternative agriculture ar more probable to purchase organic produce (Govindasamy and Italia, 1990) and those concerned about the environment argon more possible to purchase organic apples (Loureiro et al., 2001). Those two enjoy try new product are more likely to purchase organic produce (Govindasamy and Italia, 1990). Therefore, organic market and organic work at have capture a new class around the world.Organic FarmingThe organic agribusiness is to supply the trend that demand from the consumer of high fibre, high nutrition value, and the rock-steadyty product. And due with this market, organic invokeer have to exist the agreement that had been develop. And organic farming is not for growing the organic product and in like manner a system for the agro-ecosystem health government has introduced better farming practices to trim the use of the chemical and harmful substances.What is organic farming? (CAC 2001)Organic agriculture is based on holistic production heed systems which promote and lift agro-ecosystem health, including bio-diversity, biological cycles, and dent biological to the use of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted systems. This is accomplished by using, where possible, culture, biological and mechanistic modes, as opposed to synthetic materials, to fulfill any special run away within the system. An organic production system is designed toEnhance biolog ical diversity within the whole systemIncrease smut biological activityMaintain long-term smut fertilityRecycle emaciate of plant and savage origin in order to return intellectual nourishment to the land, thus minimizing the use of non-renewable resourceRely on renewable resources in locally organized agriculture systemPromote the healthy use soil, water and air well as minimizing all form of defilement that whitethorn result from agricultural practicesHandle agricultural product with violence on careful processing method on order to obligate the organic integrity and vital qualities of the product at all stages come establish on any existing farm through a period of conversion, the appropriate length of which is determined by site-specific factor such as the history of the land and the type of rationalizes and livestock to be produced. dining table 1.1 Organic FarmingSource Stephan, D. Anna, M.H Raffaele, Z., (2004) Organic Farming policies and Prospects1.2.1 The advantage of Organic farmingThe organic farming using a environmentally friendly method of farming that allow the cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock without damage to the farm as an ecosystem, including effects on soil, water supplies, biodiversity, or other contact natural resources. Besides that, organic farming is an ecological production management system to promote and enhance biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity, and so improves the health and resilience of farming system. It is based on preventing and reducing use of off-farm inputs on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony. From there, it can cooperate to balance productive farming activities are completely free of residues tho all the method are use to minimize contamination from air, soil and water.In organic farming, that is number of methods are used to maintain soil fertility. Crop rotation, which ensures the crop, does not deplete the soil of the nutrie nts that it uses most and cover crops to nurture against soil erosion. The planting of special crops know as green manures that are plowed back into the soil to enrich it and the addition of aged carnal manures and plant wastes, also known as compost too the soil (Worthington, 2001). blueprint1 typify percent addition mineral subject matter in organic compare to conventionOrganic farming is not only to produce the plant and livestock to the consumer in the alike time, organic farmer is also using a method to protect the environment to reduce the pollution from the other industry. The fertility management practice is the addition of organic issuance to the soil from the plant and carnal wastes, to preserve the soil structure and result food for soil microorganisms. With these methods, soil nutrients are released slowly over time.1.2.2 Disadvantage of Organic farmingOrganic farming has a good system on plating and livestock, and come with many put on besides fluent suffer w ith few problemThe UN Environment program conducted a probe and survey on organic farming in 2008, which concluded that farming by organic methods gives small yields when compare to schematic farming methods.danish pastry Environment Protection Agency conducted a research and concluded that the organic farms which produce potatoes, seed grass and sugar beet are scantily producing half of the total output produced by conventional farming, in the same area.Organic agriculture is hardly contributing to addressing the issue of global climate change. It does reduce CO2 emission to a certain extent, but there is no dramatic contribution.Based on the problem, we can understand that conventional farming which is non-organic farming is processed with the chemical fertilizer the other result horm wizs, which is to give the plant or livestock growth rapidly and stronger therefore the grower can get more rotation on reaping and make sure the plant and rear are good looking. And in the s ame time the conventional farming is damaging the environment with the chemical and those growth hormones.1.3 Non-organic farmingNon-organic farming can be defined as conventional farming, and conventional farming is different with organic farming as we mention before. The processed of the Conventional farming is an indirectly way to pollution environment with the chemical fertilizer or the growth hormone. In the States alone, the agriculture industry estimated to use over 800 million pounds of conventional pesticides from each one year, and globally over 160 million tons of conventional fertilizer each year. These cause the most harm to the environment (Om Organic, 2010). The chemical overflow from the fields has contamination surface and ground water, damage fisheries, and destroy fresh water ecosystem. It has also created growing dead zone in parts of oceans shoemakers last to river mouth that drain agriculture regions.Conventional farming process on chemically grown food, the re has been a pro appoint upward trend in the incident of diseases associated with exposure to toxic chemical in in deutries societies. Organic food cantains fewer residues of pesticides used in conventional agriculture, so buying organic is one way to reduce the chance that your food contains these pesticides (Sir John, 2003).Figure2 The cancer incidence rates in New South WalesThe Figure 2 shown that data on the number of new cancer cases in New South Wales, Australia has been collected by the New South Wales underlying Cancer Registry. That between 1972 and 2004 the incidence of new cancer cases per year has rise from 323 to 488 per c,000 people. This is an increase of over 50% in in force(p) 32 years.Women with look cancer are five to nine generation are likely to have pesticides residues in their blood than those who do not. 18 previous studies have shown that those with occupational exposure to pesticides have higher(prenominal) rates of cancer. 19 21 the apparent link b etween hormone dependent cancer, such are those of the breast and prostate, may be via endocrine disrupting chemicals compounds that artificially affect the hormone system such as 2.4D and Atrazine. The UK main scientific organization recommends that merciful exposure to EDCs (especially during pregnancy) should be minimized on grounds of prudence (The purplish Society)In addition, there are 500 chemicals that are routinely used in conventional farming but only 4 are permitted in organic farming. For example, Coxs apples can be sprayed up to 16 times with 36 different pesticides and many other these are hard to unpack even if the fruit is washed (Soil Association UK, 2003)1.4 Benefit for Organic FoodOrganic food is process by a natural and safety system and it bring extra more nutrition to consumer, organic product is not bring the benefit for the consumer only and also come with the tribute on the environment as well1.4.1 Organic product meets cockeyed exemplificationsAll org anic animals are only fed with 100% utter(a) vegetarian food and the diet should be solvent free. And also the organic meats are free from genetically modified organisms (GMO), so the organic produce is safe for consumption and can help to improve health (Spevack, 2002).Organic certificate is the public assurance that products have been grown and handle according to harsh procedures without persistent toxic chemical inputs. When you see that a product has been qualified Organic by QAI (Quality Assurance International), you can rest assured that the product, its ingredients and the manufacturer have gone through a thorough investigation (Nutiva, 2009)1.4.3 orientation better and truer FlavorThe research measured the effect of an organic had been through by Washington State University in Pullman, a conventional and an unified apple production system on the sustainability indicators of horticultural performance, soil quality, woodlet profitability, environmental quality and energy efficiency. Taste was measured three ways. mechanical analysis on fruit firmness at harvest and aft(prenominal) six months storage was higher for organic that is two competitors. The ration of sugar content to acidity, an indication of sweetness, was higher among organic apples as well. These results were confirmed by the consumer taste tests (Natural Food Merchandiser, 2001). Plus the new research verifies that some organic produce is often lower in nitrates and higher in antioxidants than conventional food.1.4.4 Nutrition and healthOrganic food comprises more nutritional benefit which compare with non-organic food. For instant, organic foods have higher level of vitamin C and substantive minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron, chromium and others. Organic vegetable also contain higher levels (between 10% and 50%) of secondary nutrients such as antioxidants which help to mop up up harmful free radicals implicated in cancer (Heaton, 2001). In a review of 41 studies from around the world, organic crops were shown to have statistically significant higher level of vitamin C, Magnesium, Iron and Phosphorus.Figure 3 Mean percent different for four nutrients in five frequently examine vegetable (Worthington, 2001)For example, vitamin C is 17.0% more abundant in organic lettuce (conventional 100%, organic 117%)The result for nitrates and protein quality and quantity agreed with the German review, which found a lower nitrate content in organic vegetable in nearly all cases, and less protein but higher quality protein in organic cereal grains. In addition, the results for vitamin C are similar to those of the German review. The German penning that half of the time the vitamin C content of organic and conventional crop was the same, and the other half of the time the vitamin C content was higher in the organic crop. Theses finding are arranged with higher average vitamin C content in the organic crop as found in this analysis (Worthington, 2001)Worldwide Certifi cation system International compact of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM), GermanyInternational confederation of organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM), based in Germany, but quick worldwide and it is the worldwide umbrella organization of the organic movement. Two international frameworks exist for certification bodies and sample-setting organization for organic product the IFOAM Basic Standards (IBS), which were actual in the 1980s, and the Global Codex Alimentations normals, for which development began in 1999. IFOAM is an international federation that currently unites 771 member organizations in 108 member countries, which focus on planetary purposes, recommendations, basic stock(a)s, and derogations (IFOAM, 2005).IFOAM is committed to understand the concept of organic agriculture accommodates different organic practices depending on different local or regional conditions such as different based on ecological, climatic, culture, traditional, technical, or culture natur e. peerless part of IFOAM mission is leading, uniting and equivalency of organic movement in its sound diversity. In addition, to facilities international equivalency of organic quality claim so that certificates issues by certifiers in one part of the world are immediately sure in other part of the world, IFOAM established an accreditation program in 1992, which is managed by the International Organic Accreditations Service (IOAS). IFOAM goal is the worldwide adoption of ecological, socially and economical sound system that are based on the Principles of Organic Agriculture.IFOAM Basic Standard (IBS) are basic of the organic movement which adoptive democratically and international. These standards should not be seen as a final statement, but rather as a work in progress to tote up to the continued development and adoption of organic practice throughout the world. The IBS are structure as standards for standard. IFOAM provide a framework for certification bodies and standard-set ting organization worldwide to develop their own more detailed certification standards which put on into account specific local conditions. On the other hand, the Codex Alimentations standard provide and international agree framework for organic food paltry international trade. Where a disagreement may occur between countries about the equivalence of organic food, the codex guidelines can be used as a reference in trade disputes at the WTO level (IFOAM, 2004). For a few years, however, the codex guidelines did not cover animal husbandry, livestock standard were approved in 2001 each country is responsible for interpreting and implementing the rules, as well as enforcement, monitoring and review article(Kilcher et al., 2004)All of the IFOAM Basic Standard are structuring based on variety general principle which are support in maintain the quality ecosystem and nature conversation.Malaysia National Standards and Scheme of Organic Malaysia (SOM)As the development of organic farmin g is rapidly, the standard and certifications of farming system become more important. There are two standard for organic in Malaysia that one is initiative by government.In fact, Malaysia is implementing its certification program in year 2004 which initiated by the nonpublic agency Organic bail Malaysia (OAM). The OAM standards follow the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) basic standard and norm which can apply into Malaysia situation. The certification will focus on processor, re-packer, and retailers. This certification is envisaged to complement the Department of Agriculture (DOA) certification program Sijil Organik Malaysia or also known as Scheme Organic Malaysia (SOM). This scheme was authorised launched on 9 December 2003 by the Minister of Agriculture.Two committees to wit the steering committee and the certification committee have been established to monitor the implementation of this certification program, Scheme Organic Malaysia. W hile the steering committee is responsible for policy and program development, the decision to certify the applicant farm as organic or not lies with the certification committee. The Department of Agriculture is mandated by the Ministry of Agriculture to act as the certification body for this SOM program. charge officer of the certification body moderate out on-site scold to verify that the farm activities conform with the standard of the certification program and prepares report which form the basis for the certification decision.Malaysia Standard 15292001 The Production, Processing, Labeling and Marketing of Plant-Based Organically Produced Foods is other standard which publish by Standard and Industrial Research appoint of Malaysia (SIRIM). It is designed to achieve its purposed through a competent, independent and transparent inspection and certification system for the entire chain of custody of the organic product. It is just guidelines and as foundation for develops DOA s tandard. Besides, it is does not deal with certification like activity and inspection process, use of organic mark, violation handing, but all these processes are covered in detail by SOM.European Countries National Standards and KRAV, SwedenIn most Europe countries, private certifiers that have their own standards are legally obligated to certify producers to the EU Regulation if requested. In this case, the producer can use the EU label and member state label but not the private label of the certifier (Rundgren, 2002). In some countries, only one logos, and brands (Dabbert et al., 2004). Legally, if a producer or processor is certified by one of the EU-approved certification entities, certification should be valid in all EU member state.Some certification entities, insists on stricter standard than those of the EU legislation, which government agency that if the brand of the stricter certifier is strong in the marketplace, the producer or processor may find their customer insi sting on that certifiers certification. Therefore, EU certification bodies have developed a tiered structure, where by not all EU certificates are acceptable to all certification bodies (Organic Trade Services, 2004).Sweden is one of the biggest countries in Europe and the climate is favorable for farming, with cold winters that inhibit infestations of many crops pests. In 1995 Sweden became an EU member and consequently part of the Common Agriculture constitution (CAP). With EU member ship in 1995, the Swedish Parliament introduced a new environmental program with various sub goals, such as support for preservation of landscapes and nature with particular cultural and environmental value, a general support for leys land and pasturage, and support for organic farming.Two private sector bodies are recognized by the government authorities to carry out inspection and certification that are KRAV and Svenska Demeterforbundet. The KRAV standards includes standard for crop and animal prod uction, processing, textiles, retailing, catering, and importing. The KRAV label has a very strong position on the patsy for organic food in Sweden, which is unusual for a private certification body. KRAV also works closely with Grolink AB, which specializers in consultancy work in growing countries, such as in establishing certifying organizations.KRAV is organized as an incorporated standstill with, at present, 26 members. They represent farmer, processors, trade and also consumer, environmental and animal welfare interests. KRAV is an active member active member of IFOAM and the KRAV standard is follow IFOAM basic standard. It takes an active part in developing the IFOAM basic standard and criteria. Besides, since Sweden is a member of the EU, this regulation is compulsory simply and regulates with the EU force standards (Council Regulation EEC 2092/91 on organic production of agriculture product and indications referring thereto on agriculture product and foodstuffs). Theref ore, KRAV also work to influence the EU organic production legislation. (KRAV, 2000)