Managing Director on WTO Impact and Helping Enter New Markets Dissertation

Managing Director on WTO Impact and Helping Enter New Markets - Dissertation Example Also, the access to previously untapped markets has greatly helped the global economy as well as the different efforts of various countries and their governments to fight off poverty. Indeed, the economic activity that has been fuelled by trade liberalisation has contributed positively to the overall struggle to help ease poverty albeit there remain some countries as well as sectors that have yet to benefit fully from free trade (Mortishead 2006). Still, it cannot be denied that overall; free trade has provided immense opportunities that companies can take advantage of. Thus, for companies that are targeting to go global, it is important to factor in to their strategies the innate benefits of free trade that consumers have come to expect as well as the prospect of having more competitors and intricate transactions in the complex global marketplace (Wyld and Thomas 2011). Background, Aims and Objectives The liberalisation of trade has enabled globalization to gain much traction by all owing access to companies to previously untapped markets as well to take advantage of the different competitive advantages of various countries that can help them mitigate their costs and thereby increase their respective bottomlines. From its early years, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to its current WTO form, the organisation has pushed for greater trade liberalisation in order to maximize the potential of various nations as well as to hear out the pressing concerns that are being voiced out by member countries. Encouragingly, the recent Uruguay round has ushered in new, better and more binding agreements since there are more trade issues that have been sealed by more member nations compared to previous WTO rounds (A Round to End All Rounds, 2011). The increase in the trade agreements as well as the more numerous number of members that have joined together for the Uruguay round has greatly boosted the scope of trade liberalisation. Also, the membership of the pr eviously reclusive China has vastly increased the size of the global market since this country has the largest population all over the world. Consequently, there have been important policy adjustments that have been promulgated by the Chinese to support their membership to the global marketplace. Hence, there have been adjustments in their economic policies as well as their social and legal systems in order for them to qualify for WTO membership. Probably the most important of this was the lowering of their tariffs which have previously barred foreign competitors from entering their economy (Chow 2001). Another important contribution by trade liberalisation was the rise of the private sector which has immensely contributed to the growth of their respective economies and aggregately to the global economy as a whole (Wharton University Articles 2006). The free flow of products and services has also been accompanies by the flow of capital from the richer countries to the developing cou ntries. All these have been made possible when borders and barriers have been significantly brought down by free trade (Wacziarg and Spolaore 2004). Hence, there has been a strong improvement of the global economy as a whole with these important reforms that has been the fruit of having a strengthened free trade and the demolition or easing of protectionist policies between nations. Thus, companies are able to move freely across the borders of different nations gaining important new markets for their products as well as possible cheaper labour that are

The Difference Between Feminine and Masculine Essay Example for Free

The Difference Between Feminine and Masculine Essay Farrah Fawcett once said â€Å"God made man stronger but not necessarily more intelligent. He gave women intuition and femininity. And, used properly, that combination easily jumbles the brain of any man I’ve ever met.† Why then, do women still feel that men are superior to them? Does being feminine lower us, or make us inferior? What defines femininity, and masculinity as the opposite? In an excerpt from source B, De Beauvoir says this â€Å"The terms masculine and feminine are used symmetrically only as a matter of form, as on legal papers. † She makes the point that masculine and feminine are unimportant in everyday life, however if used, they are used as a term of judgment and usually negativity. She continues â€Å"†¦for man represents both the positive and the neutral, as is indicated by the common use of man to designate human beings in general; whereas women represents only the negative, defined by limiting criteria, without reciprocity.† Women are defined by limiting criteria. What a degrading phrase. Why is it that women always get put on the back burner of respect? We are told that being a man means you are masculine, and if you are not masculine, you are not a man. But what defines masculinity? Is it being a â€Å"brave soldier† as in source C, or is it being able to be in tune with your emotions? I will draw from source B again â€Å"A man is in the right of being a man†¦ so there is an absolute human type, the masculine.† Men are entitled to no feelings except those that exude strength, because of what we have been told since 1599. In source C, Shakespeare writes â€Å"But I had not so much a man in me, And all my mother came into mine eyes, And gave me up to tears.† He says crying is something from his mother, and it makes him become a man no longer. But what if they had it wrong? What if the real strength of men is being able to be feminine? In source F, a poem written by Maya Angelou, she says this â€Å"Men themselves have wondered What they see in me. They try so much But they can’t touch My inner mystery.† How fitting of a woman, the inner mystery she describes. It truly cannot be touched, or bought, or sold. It needs to be earned, and they only way to earn that is be being feminine. To close, I want to finish off with reference to source D, which I think sums up everything that is masculine or feminine. â€Å" Women are told from their infancy, and taught be example of their mothers, that a little knowledge of human weakness, justly termed cunning, softness of temper, OUTWARD obedience, and a scrupulous attention to a puerile kind of propriety, will obtain them the protection of men†¦ How grossly do they insult us who thus advise us only to render ourselves gentle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

James Baldwin’s Visions Of America and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Me

James Baldwin’s Visions Of America and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many immigrant and minority narratives concentrate their efforts on the positive side of the American dream. These particular stories narrate a person's struggle and rise through the ranks of the Am6rican hierarchy focusing on the opportunities that seem to abound in this country. While these stories are well and good. they do seem to soft peddle the flip side of this country's attitude toward the immigrant and minority. America is a land of milk and honey and opportunity, but unfortunately most new officiates or unwilling participants in the American culture face an American nightmare that leaves its effects on the individuals, families and cultures for generations to come. America has its own deeply seated prejudices and stereotypes of people from outside its walI5 and these prejudices force some immigrants and minorities either to abandon former cultural ties in order to assimilate or to strap on the baldric of equality that changes their lives forever. Two authors, in particular, will help explore this idea that an immigrant or minority experiencing the trauma of bigotry must in some way attempt to reconcile their own cultural heritage with the demands of a new society that objects to their very cultural difference. James Baldwin and Richard Rodriguez experienced this type of immigrant and minority angst regarding their own ties to their cultural and racial backgrounds. Baldwin struggled with the desire to be a writer, not just a black writer, amidst the chaos and protests of the 1960's political movement and Richard Rodriguez battled between the pull of assimilation and the success it promised and his own feelings of familial betrayal... ...d, for their very words echo the sounds of their communities' cries for equal and peaceful co-existence. However, as both Baldwin and Rodriguez recognize and proclaim there will always be a need for their type of experiences because it is only through the loss of their cultural identity that they realized the precious gift it is. Works Cited Baldwin, James. "No Name In The Street". Visions Of America. Ed. Wesley Brown and Amy Ling. Persea 116oks: New York, 1993. 284-290. Harris, Trudier. New Essays On Go Tell It On The Mountain. Ed. Trudier Harris. Cambridge UP: New York, 1996. 1-28. Leeming, David. James Baldwin: A Biography . Alfred A. Knopf. New York, 1994. Porter, Horace. Stealing The Fire. Weslayan UP: Middletown, 1989. Rodriguez, Richard. Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez: An Autobiographv. Bantam: New York, 1983.   

An Analysis of The Clod and the Pebble by Sir Francis Blake Essay

â€Å"The Clod and the Pebble† Sire Francis Blake compares selfish and unselfish love through interesting and thought provoking interpretations. These viewpoints are obvious through Blake’s indication of their states of innocence and experience. His first entity, which is a clod, says, â€Å"love seeketh not itself to please†(Blake 3). The second interpretation, which is given in the form of a pebble, reasons, â€Å" Love seeketh only Self to please†(Blake 11). The clod is depicted as a selfless, passionate emotion whereas the pebble is a vain, arrogant and selfish sentiment. We can assume that the author has a lot of experiences when it comes to love, possibly writing this poem in a period of romanticism, but cannot assume he is the speaker. The different perspectives of love in the poem lead the reader to believe that there are two speakers. The Clod may perhaps be of a feminine viewpoint, which is understandable after reading â€Å"Nor for itself have any care† and â€Å"Trodden with cattle’s feet†, where love is unselfish and sacrificial (Blake 2). The pebble gives off a sense of authority gained from experiences while it mocks the innocence of the clod. The abrupt use of â€Å"But† provides a change to the sweet and harmonious tones of the first stanza, while the phrase â€Å"a pebble of the brook† represents it is a hard and unmovable object, learned from its experiences. Specific words such as â€Å"care† used by the clod and â€Å"bind† used by the pebble are what make the feminine/masculine tones understandable. The beautiful and artful personifications of the content clod and pompous pebble create a clear understanding in contrasting the representation of the selfishness and selflessness of human nature in love.

Barilla Spa (a)

BARILLA SpA (A) Table of Contents Part One: Executive Summary3 Part Two: Immediate Issue4 Part Three: Systemic Issues4 Part Four: Qualitative Analysis5 Part Five: Alternatives6 Part Six: Recommendation8 Part Seven: Recommendations Implementation Plan9 Part Eight: Monitor and Control10 Part One: Executive Summary In order to respond to extreme demand variability and incidents of high stock out rates Barilla is currently applying pressure to both its’ manufacturing and logistics departments to restock distribution centres as quickly as possible. This is resulting in high distribution costs and a reduction in overall profits.In the long term I am recommending that Barilla SpA implement a Just in Time Distribution (JITD) system to reduce excess inventory and eliminate stock outs at the distributor to market level of the distribution chain. The new system will include a forecasting and planning system based on information provided by the distributors on a day-to-day basis. The JITD will reduce inventory to acceptable levels and will reduce inventory carrying cots. It will also flatten demand resulting in cost savings at the manufacturing and shipping levels. It will also provide an opportunity for new sales promotion types and levels.Initially the new system will be implemented on a trial basis and at the end of the trial with successful performance indicated; the system will be presented to internal departments as well as distributors. This report will be used as a basis for discussion in our production meeting at the end of the week. Giorgio Maggiali Director of Logistics Barilla SpA (A) December 4, 2012 Part Two: Immediate Issue Barilla SpA is experiencing difficulty in the manufacturing and logistics sectors of their operation because of an extreme variability in demand of their pasta products.Though demand for pasta in Italy is flat Barilla has been experiencing sudden spikes in demand for varying types of pasta from different areas. Because of rigid man ufacturing requirements and lengthy lead times from placement of order to delivery, stock outs have been experienced between the distributors and retail stores. Part Three: Systemic Issues Sales Operations: Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term Distributors are encouraged to purchase product based on discounts rather than product demand at their customer’s locations.The sales representatives are given specific sales targets to meet and are conceivably focusing on the discounted products because they are an easier sell to the distributors. Distribution: Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term and Long Term Lead time from placement of order to delivery ranges anywhere from eight days to fourteen days, though the average is ten calendar days. This includes production and shipment of the product. Most distributors do not rely on forecasting systems to place their orders; they simply count stock on a cycle and place orders to refill to the previous level.There is no analysis based on pr oduct type, time of year etc. Stock outs are happening between the distributors and the stores; the lead time to fill the product gap is too long. Manufacturing Process: Nature: Strategic Timing: Short Term and Long Term The pasta production process (particular sizes and types of pasta require fixed heat and humidity settings in the kiln) makes it difficult to replace a specific type of pasta that has sold out at a vendor’s store because of unusually high demand. The production process cannot be changed or sped up without risking a decline in quality of the product. Part Four: Qualitative AnalysisBarilla SpA is the largest pasta producer in the world. They offer both dry and fresh pasta as well as a variety of other products including cookies, cakes and breads. Currently, the demand for pasta in Italy is flat with only an approximate increase in demand of 1% per year. Barilla competes with other pasta providers (approximately 2,000) by utilizing innovative advertising techniq ues and by using high quality raw materials in their products. In order to compete in the Italian market they utilize the traditional method of distribution to their customers via their own distribution center as well as a number of independent distributors.Distributors may place orders when they choose; each year is sectioned off (referred to as canvass periods) and specific products are offered at discounted rates in an assigned period. The type of product that is offered in each canvass period is decided by the sales department. There are also volume discounts offered on certain products which may be specialized by the Barilla sales personnel (i. e. free shipping for full truckload orders). Sales staff has set sales targets for each canvass period which results in pressure sales to the distributors.The distributors will purchase more of the discounted products in order that they can pass the savings to their customers to achieve higher sales. The majority of distributor’s periodically review their stock of Barilla products and place orders with Barilla based on re-stocking to the previous level they had of each product type. Input from the store level is not considered as the main factor in ordering. There are no set minimum or maximum levels for types of pasta or for size of distributor. Pasta production is time consuming; a series of steps are involved that must be followed to produce the quality of pasta that is Barilla’s trademark.The drying process alone takes approximately four hours; the settings of the kiln are specific to the size and type of pasta being produced. In addition to production time there is shipping time which varies dependent on the proximity of the manufacturing plant to the distribution center. Shipping encompasses the availability of vehicles and the cost of shipping. The current method of ordering means that there are less-than-truckload or LTL shipments taking place which are more expensive than full-truckload or FT L shipments. Part Five: Alternatives Alternative One: Sales ControlsThe Barilla sales department will offer product promotions based on product movement at the region/store level. Volume discounts will be discontinued. Pros: Promotions based on sales data from the individual stores will reduce stock outs and will maintain the sales department’s relationship with the customer. Cons: Distributors lose control over the stock and stock levels that they are carrying. Sales of other product lines that Barilla produces will decline and some customers will change to other suppliers for their variety of product. Alternative Two: Inventory ControlsBarilla will set minimum/maximum inventory levels for each SKU based on historical sales data. Safety stock will be produced of the pasta types that regularly stock out at the distributor locations. Pros: Instituting set inventory levels for each SKU will ensure a more realistic supply of product for each location. Producing safety stock for the pasta types that spike will reduce restock time and mitigate market share loss. Cons: Historic data is inherently flawed because of trade promotions and volume discounts; minimum/maximum levels would be skewed.Excess stock would take up a significant amount of space and extra storage space would need to be obtained. There will be conflict with distributors because of their loss of control and with sales because of the loss of promotional opportunities. Alternative Three: Just in Time Distribution (JITD) Product will not be ordered by the distributor but will be supplied by the manufacturer to the distributor based on data provided about the previous day’s shipments from the distributor to the customers as well as their current stock levels of Barilla product.Pros: Barilla would ship product only as it was needed rather than having large amounts of excess stock. Information regarding supplies at the distributor’s warehouses would aid Barilla in improving their forec asting system. Barilla would have more control over the distribution process. Cons: Distributors do not want Barilla interfering with their inventory. The sales staff is reluctant to lose their opportunity to meet and exceed sales targets through their promotions. Part Six: RecommendationWe recommend the implementation of Alternative Three, the JITD model. JITD will enable Barilla to cut current distribution costs and stabilize supply to the customers. JITD is based on real time data and inventory specific information. Rather than basing product supply on current promotions or volume discounts, product supply is based on historical demand at the specific distributor locations. * This will ensure that customers receive product that they can move rather than being supplied product that will sit on their shelves for extended periods of time. Barilla will be able to reduce inventory levels at their locations because demand will be stabilized and as a result carrying costs will be reduce d. * Transportation can be regulated as product delivery is regulated and cost savings can be found through possible transportation discounts (FTL vs. LTL shipments). * Promotions can be tailored to individual products at individual locations. Barilla can manage inventory levels more effectively than the distributors because we have an understanding of all facets of distribution.The distributors do not have a clear understanding of the manufacturing process and the reason for lengthy lead times. Traditional trade promotion and volume discounts will be eliminated by the implementation of JITD. A new promotion structure will be implemented to maintain market competitiveness. Part Seven: Recommendations Implementation Plan We believe that to encourage both internal and external partners to embrace the JITD system, Barilla should introduce JITD as a pilot project at one of the distribution facilities that has experienced extreme demand variability.Customers are resistant to the change b ecause they will lose control over product type that will be carried. They do not want Barilla to push product through their centres to reduce their costs while restricting the distributor’s role in the delivery system. Barilla can present the data from the pilot project to the other distributors. The data will prove to distributors that implementing the JITD system will be of benefit to them as well as to Barilla. When proposing the JITD system to customers Barilla has to explain that it will: * Reduce Costs * Reduce Inventory Levels Improve Fill Rate to their Stores Implementing JITD is in the best interests of Barilla, the distributors and their customers. There is internal resistance, primarily from the marketing and sales group, because there is a lack of understanding about the effects that implementing the system would have on the various departments and their functions and duties. The sales department, in particular, is concerned that a JITD system would reduce their duties and impedes their ability to sell product by removing the current trade and volume purchasing promotions.In order to get buy in from each department I need to have the support of management including DiMaria, the manager of the sales department. Support for the changeover has to be top down as the current problem is not just a logistics issue but is a supply chain issue. Part Eight: Monitor and Control The pilot project will be implemented within two months and will be take place over the course of three months. The Key Performance Indicators and measurements are: * Customer Demand Levels – Success is flat demand or less than 1% variability in demand. Stock Out Levels – Success is stock out levels at less than 2% per order cycle. * Inventory Levels – Success is less than or equal to 90,000 kilograms of pasta/day at the manufacturing facility and less than 4% excess inventory total at the distributor’s warehouse. At the end of the three month trial the Barilla management team will review the data and prepare a report to present to individual departments within Barilla and to distributors. If figures, as laid out above, have not been met then Barilla will continue to maintain the current distribution process.

Essay Sample on the Emptiness of Promiscuity and Addiction

Essay Sample on the Emptiness of Promiscuity and Addiction The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemmingway grants the reading world a smooth flowing unification of various modern, in fact timeless, concepts of human life. Hemmingway’s semi-autobiographical representations of life as part of the Lost Generation seem to ring as true today as they must have then (CliffNotes). This is certainly one of the characteristics common to all of the great literary works of the world: long-standing relevance to central life issues. With a cynical air throughout and lonely breezes of insatiability – both of a sexual nature and concerning personal integrity – the book has come to represent all humans at one point or another in the course of their lives. This document will explore some of the ambiguities and ironies that exist within the pages of this important work, and how it tends to place all of those who read it in touch with the shallower, less predictable side of their psyches. Hemmingway employs a style laden with omission to create substance; it is more what is not said or done that exposes truths to the readers (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia). For example, in the case of Jake, he never fully expresses what happened to render him impotent. A nondescript war wound has stolen his very manhood. Enter the first irony. Certainly, a man’s worth does not live in his trousers. Jake however lives in a tormented world where he is unable to advance – not simply because of the devastating effects of WW1, but because he cannot locate any real reason to live (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia). Like Hemmingway himself as well as countless other people, he wandered aimlessly, trying to substantiate his existence in a world that really didn’t understand him. Perhaps his only meaning was to wait for the wanting Brett to need a soft shoulder to cry and vent upon. As with Jake, Brett is also awash in a world on meaninglessness and insecurity. Finding her shattered self-beliefs unbearable, she turns consistently to whatever man she finds attractive and instantly accessible (CliffNotes). She hides in a world of promiscuity and booze to shield her from the reality that is her life. It is said that she loves Jake, but cannot commit to him because of his inability to meet her sexual needs (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia). Brett, like a surprisingly large percentage of modern women and men, finds her only value in her capacity to entice and seduce; gaining a false sense of power and/or accomplishment from it. When one fling ends, she is met with the misery of loneliness – a forced circumstance that induces self-reflection and therefore sorrow. She is an opposite to Jake, he with no ability to satisfy and her with no ability to be satisfied even by the manliest of men (CliffNotes). The dual sexual natures of the characters act to symbolize very real factions of the general population of the Earth. This book delivers the truth concerning the underlying shallowness and callousness possessed by so many humans. They act on primal levels to achieve a numb state of existence where they are unaffected by the need to advance as individuals. They are stagnated in a pool of soured wine, left unable to swim or even tread the surface. Like lost children or homeless adults, they wander their domain searching for shelter, perhaps to luckily discover that the only available home is within oneself. Hemmingway knew the roads of sexual liberalism as well as the emptiness of loss. He attempted, perhaps subconsciously, to educate his readers about the pitfalls of promiscuous behavior and alcoholism. Perhaps he was trying to reinforce these concepts within his own mind; to save himself from the future that he was directed towards. The metaphoric intentions concerning bullfighting and sexual virulence, impotence and masculinity, the rejuvenating effects of natural resources, and the power of silence and omission all contribute to the overall wisdom presented by the book. The Sun Also Rises takes the reader on a trip of superficial destination; it acts to demonstrate that only emptiness is to be gained from actions that are initially empty in nature. The characters search for life’s meaning and find none. They therefore engage in activities that serve as escapes from the drudgery of lives so filled with no meaning. This is of the upmost relevance in this modern world of addictions. There are still the everyday effects of war. There are still multitudes of humans pretending to enjoy the escape brought about by booze and unwholesome sexual practices. Underneath, they are lost children searching for a home; adult- aged people that have never embraced the possibility that they have something to offer back to humanity: honesty. This is a sample Literature essay written from scratch by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom written essay, term paper, research paper, thesis/dissertation on any topic contact our company now to get professional academic writing help.

You Have the Right to Remain Silent Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products

You Have the Right to Remain Silent Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products Introduction: On the Relationships between People and Nature There is no need to mention the sad fact that the relationships between people and nature, including most of its elements, have been rather complicated, especially since the advent of technological progress and the consequent pollution issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You Have the Right to Remain Silent†: Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the humanist principles, animals must be granted the right to live, as well as the right to be treated in a humane way. However, in the late XX and early XXI century, with the progress of the humanist ideas peaking as they never have before, one of the aspects of the nature-vs.-nurture conflict has become especially debatable. Since in the age of democracy, it has become obvious that every single person has his/her own rights and freedoms, it h as been suggested that the concept of rights must be applicable not only to people, but also to every single living being, i.e., the animal world as well. Therefore, the given idea entails the prohibition of killing animals for the sake of fur, leather or food production (Fudge 75). Although modern technologies allow for creating artificial leather and fur, the problem of substituting meat remains open. Since most people are not ready to become vegetarian, giving animals an indefeasible right to live might be a hasty decision. From One Extreme to Another: From Beyond the Barricades It is worth admitting that both sides of the argument, i.e., the people who believe that animals should be given their indefeasible rights, as well as the people who do not consider it possible to provide animals with rights. To start with, the opinion of the proponents of animal rights crusade should be considered.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reasons behind the actions of fighters for animal rights are quite simple. According to what the activists like PETA say, animals are living beings; they can feel pain, switch moods, display certain social behavior, and, therefore, must be provided with legal rights (Fox 203). Simple enough the given argument is still very convincing. The opponents of the fighters for animal rights often use the arguments of the latter to prove the point. According to what Cohen and Regan say, â€Å"for the advocates of animal rights in the strict sense, the utilitarian arguments of the ‘liberation’ camp are not only insecure but dangerous. In some cases, at last, the calculations of good and bad consequences of animal use is virtually certain to yield a result not favorable to the animals. But in such cases the liberationist defense of animals must collapse, resting as it does on the calculations of the worth of outcomes† (Cohen and Regan 8). It would be wrong, however, to consider that the arguments of those who are against providing animals with rights are restricted to nitpicking on the ideas of the animal rights proponents. As a rule, the key argument of the people who believe that animals do not need the human concept of rights is that in the animal kingdom, there is no concept of morality. Since rights arise in the sphere of the latter (Cohen and Regan 8), it can be considered that the concept of rights is inapplicable to any element of the animal kingdom, where morality as a notion does not exist and which is ruled by the key principle that only the strong survive (Jasper 170).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You Have the Right to Remain Silent†: Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another argument that the fighters for treating animals like animals provide to the organ izations like PETA is that animals are the only option for testing new medicine or conducting any other scientific experiments. Indeed, given the fact that there is no alternative to testing newly developed medicine on animals, providing animals with such rights as the right to live will ensue a number of murder cases if some of the experiments prove lethal. As a result, the newly created medicine will become less efficient and more dangerous to use, with a number of unpredictable side effects. As Cohen and Regan explain, The animal rights movement†¦ as I conceive it, is committed to a number of goals, including: the total abolition of the uses of animals in science; The total dissolution of commercial animal agriculture; The total elimination of commercial and sport hunting and trapping†¦ You don’t change unjust institutions by tidying them up. (Cohen and Regan 9) Finally, admitting animals to have legal rights will presuppose that animals will be â€Å"consider ed to have legal standing† (Fox 204), which, given the gap between the development of animals and people, is simply absurd. Therefore, the key reasoning provided by the opponents of the animal rights crusaders is that a) the concept of morals is inapplicable to animal world and 2) there is little to no alternative for the use of animals in medicine testing.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My Opinion: Why Sustainable Approach Deserves to Be Applied Personally, I believe that the policy towards animals treatment must be less radical. To be more exact, it must be sustainable. To start with, it is crucial that animals should not be tortured in slaughterhouses and that the process of slaughter should be as quick and painless as possible. In addition, the laws concerning the maltreatment of animals must be revisited so that the people whose pets are being mistreated should be detected and that their pets should be taken to the animal shelter where they will be taken a proper care of. As for marketable fish, game birds, etc., there is no need to stress that people need these products to remain healthy. While protein can be obtained from the sources other than game bird and cattle, phosphorus contained in fish is not easy to replace with the phosphorus from any other sources. That being said, killing animals for the sake of providing people with the necessary minerals and vi tamins is inevitable, and no alternative for the given process has been found to this day (Hester and Harrison). Speaking of animals as resources various materials, such as fur, wool, leather, etc., one must mention that with the technological developments of the XXI century, providing the substitute for fur sand leather is relatively easy, which means that animals should not be used as the sources for various materials anymore. Once adopting the sustainable approach towards wild animals and providing the rules for treating domestic animals and pets in an appropriate way, setting the bar for the concept of â€Å"mistreatment,† one will be able to provide animals with their rights without infringing the rights of people. The Reasons for Holding the Universal Appeal: Why Giving Animals Rights Is not the Most Reasonable Idea The key idea that makes me choose the reasonable (i.e., sustainable) treatment of animals and a humanistic approach towards them instead of providing animal s with the rights that they deserve as much as people do is the fact that the need for animals to have rights comes from people’s concept of the universe. To be more exact, the problem is that these are not animals who demand their rights – these are people who demand rights for animals; the latter are not aware of the concept of rights at all. Therefore, the given situation can be regarded as an attempt to approach the principles of the animal world with the help of human morals, which is intrinsically wrong, seeing how animals do not have the concept of morals. As Fudge put it, Think for a moment about who asserts animals’ rights. Is it a laboratory rabbit, veal calf, or hunted fox? Not at all. Animal rights is exclusively asserted by society and it is intended to restrain human practices. It says that animals are morally the same as humans, and then asks humans to treat them as if they were human; it is up to us to struggle for animal rights because animals c annot fend for themselves. (Fudge 50) Therefore, it is impossible to approach the idea of animal rights from people’s perspective. Truly, in the light of the fact that people are equipped much better than animals, they should be more responsible about the means that they choose to build relationships with nature. However, there is a great difference between acknowledging the weakness of animals and, thus, being more responsible towards the wildlife and claiming that people have no rights to use animals for medicine testing, producing food, etc. Therefore, it is necessary not to be cruel towards animals, yet, unless an alternative for meat and medicine testing is provided, claiming that animals must not be killed will come at a price of many people’s lives. The Possible Objections: What Both Camps Have to Say It must be admitted that both camps will argue against the solution that I have provided. The fighters for animal rights will point at the fact that my solution pr esuppose treating animals as a resource instead of considering them beings with rights. Although the provided solution does allow to avoid cruelty in treating animals, it still fails to recognize their rights for the reasons mentioned above. The supporters of the idea that animals cannot have rights will consider the given solution as restrictive in that it does not allow to satisfy the tastes of people who would like to cater not only on tuna, but also on more exotic types of fish or animals and to enjoy natural fur. Therefore, their key argument may be that the provided solution infringes people’s rights, i.e., cares about animals better than it cares about people. In Response to the Counterarguments: Reasonability and Adequacy The latter argument can be argued by mentioning the fact that, though renewable, a number of natural resources, such as various species of animals, bird and fish, are endangered due to overconsumption. Therefore, it is in the interests of gourmets to abstain from eating exotic animals for a couple of years until certain species replenish their population. Hence, the provided solution takes both the interests of people and animals into account. As for the former argument, biologically, the human race is superior to any other species on the Earth, which means that people as superior beings must take care of animals instead of taking the campaign of animal rights to its absurd point. In addition, the issue concerning medicine testing, unfortunately enough, still remains open, which means that while other solutions are being sought for, animals will be used for experiments. Cohen, Carl and Tom Regan. The Animal Rights Debate. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, 2001. Print. Fox, Michael Allen. The Case for Animal experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986. Print. Fudge, Erica. Animal. London, UK: Reaktion Books, 2002. Print. Hester, Ronald Ernest and Roy M. Harrison. A lternatives to animal Testing. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006. Print. Jasper, James. The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography and Creativity in Social Movements. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1997. Print.

Why Your Attitude is More Important Than Your Intelligence

Why Your Attitude is More Important Than Your Intelligence Sometimes it seems like the most successful people must be the smartest ones in the room- after all, how else would they have achieved that level? And how can you compete if you’re not a double major in French and biology at an Ivy League school, with a minor in rocket science? The reality is that those traditional hallmarks of intelligence and success don’t mean as much to your career as you might think (no offense to you French-speaking biologists in Harvard sweatshirts). In reality, your IQ may not mean as much to your career trajectory as the motivation and attitude you bring to your job.It’s All a Mind GameIn a Stanford study, psychologist Carol Dweck found that career success was tied more closely to an employee’s mindset over his or her IQ. She found that employees tended to fall into one of two mindsets: â€Å"fixed† and â€Å"growth.† People with fixed mindsets believe that your self is set, and won’t be changed by the everyda y work experience. Those with fixed mindsets tend to have problems with obstacles or challenges, regardless of their IQ.Conversely, people with growth mindsets see challenges as learning opportunities, and believe they can grow with each obstacle they navigate. These growth-minded people tend to outperform their fixed peers, no matter whose base IQ was higher.How You Can AdaptSo how can you make this work for you? In short, start thinking like a growth mindset-haver, if you don’t already. The best way to do this is start approaching your professional challenges (both big and small) in a more productive way. When presented with an obstacle, try these strategies to change your mindset.1. Don’t panic.You made a mistake? Someone just handed you a huge task, with a tight deadline? Someone else didn’t do something they should have? It’s important not to freeze, and throw your hands up in despair.2. Be proactive.Ask questions about next steps if you’re un clear about what to do. Think about what you can do in the short term, and what your plan is for the long term, then take concrete steps to achieve that particular goal. After you’re past the challenge or obstacle, take time to think about what led to the situation, what you did to resolve it, and what you would do if it happened again.3. Learn from it.Maybe you had an issue because you didn’t have a certain kind of skill. Or maybe someone else has expertise you need to be better at your job. Whatever can help you expand your horizons after you’ve dealt with the obstacle, take it as an opportunity to squirrel away knowledge for the future, or set mini goals for yourself in the short term to be better.Like an optimist, someone with a growth mindset tries to see around obstacles- what they can do in the short term, and what they can take from the situation. Giving up in the face of adversity makes you rigid, and unable to deal with curve balls. And what is profess ional life, if not a series of curve balls thrown directly at you?The most important thing is to be flexible and willing to adapt. You don’t need to be the person with the highest test scores, but if you’re the one who’s most willing to try (and even fail) in the interest of becoming smarter and more experienced, IQ is nothing but a number.

Risk Management Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Management - Movie Review Example The incident not only caused problems for the rivers and inlets near the Tisza, but also to larger bodies of water connected to it, such as the Danube River and the Black Sea. The chemical spill was pinned onto an Australian-owned mining company using cyanide salts for mining gold and silver, which is an outlawed method in Europe. But the company denied all allegations, and even attributed the chemical spill and the river’s death on environmental factors (Harper, 2005). The spill had a lasting effect on the water supply, but despite having no record of human health impacts were recorded, it greatly affected the wildlife that lived on the river and the residents that depended on it for food and livelihood (Marmorat, 2008). While the early March floods that occurred after the chemical spill were able to lessen the impact due to the dispersion of the chemical and heavy-metal contaminants, it was estimated that it would take at least a decade to see any improvements in the riverâ €™s state. The following are the assumptions on the possible causes and effects of the chemical spill to wildlife and the residents living near the Tisza River and its basins: Precipitations might have possibly caused the toxic sludge containing both cyanide and other heavy metals to overspill the dams holding them in and caused the excesses to flow into the nearest bodies of water. The cyanide content of the toxic sludge that flowed into the bodies of water and ended up into the Tisza River might have been too high, that the effects of the poison lasted months and even years after the chemical spill. The toxicity levels of the sludge affected the livelihoods of the fishermen that depended on the River Tisza by rendering all kinds of fish either dead or too highly- contaminated to be consumed, thus any kind of commercial fishing would be counter-productive. Due to the numerous waterways and other areas where the Tisza River drains its water, not only did the chemical spill affec t other larger rivers, but also the smaller ones where these large rivers either enter or exit into, causing damage to greater areas. Because the interconnecting rivers and channels affected by the chemical spill run into countries outside Romania, the environmental disaster could cause political unrest between the countries whose rivers were affected by the chemical spill, and Romania. 2. Review and attach an MSDS for Cyanide The following MSDS has been condensed from the Science Lab (2005) data sheet for their sodium cyanide product, which is the form of the cyanide salt normally used for mining: Section 1. Chemical Product Chemical Name: Sodium cyanide Chemical Formula: NaCN Section 2. Composition and Information on Ingredients Composition (by Weight): Sodium cyanide = 100% Toxicological data: Sodium cyanide Oral (LD50): acute: 6.44mg/kg (Rat) Dermal (LD50): acute: 10.4mg/kg (Rabbit) Section 3: Hazards Identification Potential Acute Health Effects: Very hazardous when ingested or inhaled, or when in contact with the skin or eyes. Damaging effects to exposed tissues are proportional to length of contact. Potential Chronic Health Effects: Repeated or prolonged exposure can cause damage to the nervous system, tears and lesions in the skin and lungs, leading to asphyxiation. Section 4. First Aid Measures After doing the following first aid measures, seek medical help immediately. In case of eye contact, flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses first, if present. In case of skin contact,

Technoligies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technoligies - Essay Example ys of old was the pinhole camera also referred as ‘Camera Obscura’ which was a preferred tool in the realistic portrayal of objects and as a drawing tool. The partnership between joseph Nicephore Niepce and a French man Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre brought about the development of photographs that were permanent and this preceded the capturing of image with minimal requirement of light exposure. The process of image capture and processing went from the negative to positive process from which multiple positive prints would be made. This innovation is where paper is sensitized to light with a silver salt solution and followed by exposure to light which caused the paper’s background to change colour to black and the intended focus is rendered in nuance of grey. The result produced the negative image and a reverse process of the shadow and light is applied to create a positive picture. Photography innovations elevated to the dry plate negatives and hand held cameras making production easier. The flexible roll film that was unbreakable came into existence and in early 1940s, colour photographs were introduced into the commercial market place. The colour films used a chemical process that attaches three layers of dye together generating an ostensible colour appearance. The transformation of camera technology has provided breakthroughs in research, information gathering, communications, and treatments providing doctors new methods of practicing medicine. In a survey conducted by American Life Project and Pew Internet, the findings indicated that about 66% of individuals browsed for healthcare data on the internet. The material sought after on the internet includes; treatment exploration, symptoms check, and medicines which is made available through captured images by photography. Doctors in some parts of the world have decided to apply the use of cameras to determine the extents of pain through facial recognition. This has assisted in elimination of ambiguity in

102 exam question 1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

102 exam question 1 - Article Example People make decisions based on what actions will please others, especially authority figures and other individuals with high statuses such as managers. They are concerned about maintaining relationships through trust and loyalty. Individuals take other peoples perspectives and intentions into account when making personal decisions. People recognize that rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior. Rules are seen as potentially useful mechanisms that can maintain the general social order. People also recognize the flexibility of rules; rules that no longer serve a societys best interests can and should be changed. Only a few people ever reach this ideal stage. People in this stage adhere to a few abstract, universal principles. Individual answer to a strong inner conscience and willingly disobey laws that violate their own ethical principles. In order to translate what is on paper, the theory to apply practically, the management will have to excises some functions such as work delegation; this enables individuals to fully exercise moral ethics which they presume as best suit. Through consultations of individuals in decision making, moral and ethical behavior of individuals is revealed. Thus the management should involve its staff in decision making procedures. This will help a big deal in putting into practice the theory of moral ethics. The stages as stipulated by Kohlberg are distinct and tend to conflict. For example a person who justified a decision on the basis of principled reasoning in stages 5 or 6 would frequently fall conflict while reasoning with stages 3 or 4 in another events. In practice it seems that reasoning about right and wrong depends more upon the situation than upon general rules. Gilligan reached the conclusion that Kohlberg’s theory did not account for the fact that women approach moral problems from an ‘ethics of care’, rather than an ‘ethics of justice’ perspective, which challenges

Nursing theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing theory - Research Paper Example These systems often apply different and distinctive aspects and concepts. For instance, the personal system is pegged on self, perceptions, growth and development space, time, body and image. On the other hand, the interpersonal systems apply interaction, transaction, role, communication, and stress concepts while social system involves organization, power, status, authority, status, and decision-making concepts. Notably, these concepts are applied in the nursing profession; however, with their advantages to success in the nursing practice, the theory and its concepts has some of its challenges in application (George, 2010). King just like other professionals pursued nursing career with the aim of improving the health conditions of the patients. Towards attaining his goals, she prompted means through which patients’ improvement goals can be attained. Moreover, through her theory she provide stepped through which her desired goals can be approved. In the Theory of Goal Attendance, Imogene King focuses on the processes that are likely to improve nurse patient relationship. Her main aim was to help nurses with techniques of meeting their health goals to patients. King was born on 30 January 1923, in West Point, Iowa. She attained her nursing diploma in 1945 from St. Johns Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri. She later earned Bachelor of Science in Nursing in 1948 from St. Louis University. Later in 1957, she completed her Masters of Science in Nursing from the St. Louis University. In 1961, she earned doctoral degree from Teachers College, Columbia University. Imogene King died on 24 December 2007 (George, 2010). In King’s career life, between 1966 and 1968, she was an assistant Chief of Research Grants Branch. During this period, she work for the Nursing Division in Washington, D.C. where she worked under Dr. Jessie Scott. From the year 1968 and 1972, she served as the director of the Ohio State University School of Nursing.

Astronomy Major Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Astronomy Major Assignment - Research Paper Example These are rays that form from the interaction of the shock waves with subatomic particles causing acceleration of rays with the speed of light that constitute cosmic rays. The duration of supernova is difficult to determine and is mainly grouped into three stages. The explosion stage is the first stage and it normally takes a minimum time of a second. The second phase is the time it takes to reach its peak brightness which is normally a few days (Bodenheimer, 2011). The last phase is the phase it takes to dim out which normally takes a few months or years. The time for the whole process therefore ranges from months to years depending on the type of supernova. Many chemical elements result in the remaining remnants of a supernova explosion. The chemicals may be original in the remnants or may be as a result of heating up of the ejected gases by the shock waves emitted. The elements are cobalt, sodium, nickel and sodium. The other compounds that form are radioactive isotopes formed by the interaction of the shock waves and the emitted materials. Recently there are studies showing the Supernova 1987A emitting ‘star guts’ with a velocity (Bodenheimer, 2011). There were other elements this supernova ejects: helium, hydrogen, oxygen, silicon, iron and sulfur. The energy a supernova radiates is close to the energy of billions of sun put together. This explosion frequently occurs in other galaxies in the universe except the Milky Way galaxy where there have been few supernova events. The explosion has the effect of distributing elements and speeding cosmic rays in the galaxy besides increasing the temperature in the of the galaxy medium (Knapp, 2013). The explosion emits radiation that can be estimated to the energy released by a 1028 megaton bomb. Supernovae form in many different ways. The mode of formation dictates the type of supernova that forms. They are classified with regards to the physical type and nature & shape of the spectra.

Nutrition Labels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nutrition Labels - Essay Example nd Drug Administration together brought two new tools which are "Make Your Calories Count," an interactive online learning program, and a new Nutrition Facts Label brochure . These tools will give power to consumers to have better knowledge about the food they consume and right choices of food products. They are also decided to help in partnership with food industry to advice and provide vital information so that the problems of obesity can be reduced to a great extent due to the misuse of food consumption by the people. It is very important to count calories of foods that a person takes because the calories intake should be equal to calories expenditure to maintain his weight. Calories expenditure depends on the physical activity of a person. If the calories intake is more than the calories expended, the excess calories will be converted into fat and stored in ones body which causes body weight increase and gradually he may become obese which contribute to various serious degenerative disorders like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer etc. The tool â€Å"make your calories count,† provides three information to help planning a healthy diet while managing the calories intake, Size up Your Servings and Calories; See Whats In It For You; and Judge If Its Right For You. As per general guide introduced to calories, a single food item having 40 calories is considered as low-calorie, one with 100 calories as moderate-calorie and the food with 400 calories as high-calorie. It is a simple program that the people can understand and follow and choose their food products depending upon their calorie requirements for a healthy living. Yet another information’s introduced on the Nutrition Fact Label is the percent Daily Value (%DV) which is a quick guide to consumers. Any nutrient at 5%DV or less is considered as low for that specific nutrient and 20% or more considered as high for that particular nutrient. The % Daily Values recommendations are based on nutrients for a

Astronomy Major Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Astronomy Major Assignment - Research Paper Example These are rays that form from the interaction of the shock waves with subatomic particles causing acceleration of rays with the speed of light that constitute cosmic rays. The duration of supernova is difficult to determine and is mainly grouped into three stages. The explosion stage is the first stage and it normally takes a minimum time of a second. The second phase is the time it takes to reach its peak brightness which is normally a few days (Bodenheimer, 2011). The last phase is the phase it takes to dim out which normally takes a few months or years. The time for the whole process therefore ranges from months to years depending on the type of supernova. Many chemical elements result in the remaining remnants of a supernova explosion. The chemicals may be original in the remnants or may be as a result of heating up of the ejected gases by the shock waves emitted. The elements are cobalt, sodium, nickel and sodium. The other compounds that form are radioactive isotopes formed by the interaction of the shock waves and the emitted materials. Recently there are studies showing the Supernova 1987A emitting ‘star guts’ with a velocity (Bodenheimer, 2011). There were other elements this supernova ejects: helium, hydrogen, oxygen, silicon, iron and sulfur. The energy a supernova radiates is close to the energy of billions of sun put together. This explosion frequently occurs in other galaxies in the universe except the Milky Way galaxy where there have been few supernova events. The explosion has the effect of distributing elements and speeding cosmic rays in the galaxy besides increasing the temperature in the of the galaxy medium (Knapp, 2013). The explosion emits radiation that can be estimated to the energy released by a 1028 megaton bomb. Supernovae form in many different ways. The mode of formation dictates the type of supernova that forms. They are classified with regards to the physical type and nature & shape of the spectra.

Family Structure and Support Issues in the US and the Egypt Essay

Family Structure and Support Issues in the US and the Egypt - Essay Example As a result, these two societies have different settings for marriage. In Egypt, marriage has remained to be a social contract between two people from the opposite sex without underestimating the place of polygamy (Amos & Howard 2). On the other hand, marriage in the USA can be defined as the union between two parties of the same or either sex. Divorce in Egypt discredits one of their social standings while in the USA one gets viewed like a hero (Abrams 61). Nevertheless, divorce exists in both societies.  American culture got created out of a mixture of people, the majority being Christians, this gets evidenced by the national holidays of the USA and also in the national anthem. Egypt, on the other hand, is formed by a majority of Muslims. Religion governs a people's political, economic, legal and personal lives (Wertenbruch 43). The American culture is thus more of the German culture than it is of the Egyptian culture since Germany got founded on a Christian religion. There are a number of similarities between, German and American cultures. To begin with music, folklore, dressing and literature are all affiliated with each other. Secondly, the two also share values and norms (Lepenies 39). The American value system got founded on investment more than any other country it can be characterized by, efficiency, neatness and cleanliness, volunteer- ship and honesty. Egypt on her side upholds a value system characterized by integrity, transparency, unity, and hard work.... Divorce in Egypt discredits one of their social standing while in the USA one get viewed like a hero (Abrams 61). Nevertheless, divorce exists in both societies. Question 3 American culture got created out of a mixture of people, majority being Christians, this get evidenced by the national holidays of the USA and also in the national anthem. Egypt, on the other hand, is formed by a majority of Muslims. Religion governs a people's political, economic, legal and personal lives (Wertenbruch 43). The American culture is thus more of the German culture than it is of the Egyptian culture since Germany got founded on a Christian religion. There are a number of similarities between, German and American cultures. To begin with music, folklore, dressing and literature are all affiliated to each other. Secondly, the two also share values and norms (Lepenies 39). The American value system got founded on investment more than any other country it can be characterized by, efficiency, neatness and cleanliness, volunteer- ship and honesty. Egypt on her side upholds a value system characterized with integrity, transparency, unity, and hard work. Question 4 A secular society has no state religion. A secular society is heterogeneous and highly individualistic. Statistics show that America has all religions inclusive of atheists. A sacred society on the contrary is one that has a state religion and is primarily homogeneous, perfect examples of sacred societies are Vatican and Madina (Allen 77). During the time of ousting Hussein Mubarak, all people in Egypt participated but due to the extent of religion women live with deprived freedom. For instance, women cannot make decisions for themselves even unto a lifetime spouse in marriage. To expound on the extent of religion in Egypt is the

The consequences of government imposing a price above or below the free market equilibrium Essay Example for Free

The consequences of government imposing a price above or below the free market equilibrium Essay 1. Use a diagram to show the consequences of government imposing a price above or below the free market equilibrium. (10) When government imposes the free market and prohibits a price from going above a certain level, we call it price ceiling. If the price ceiling is below the equilibrium price, then shortages are created. The intention of price ceiling is to protect consumers from rapid price increases. However, this intention comes with consequences that are unintended. An example of price ceiling is the gasoline shortages in the 1970s. The diagram below will show the consequences of price ceiling: In the first stage (before government imposing), the equilibrium price of oil per gallons is $1.20. This is where the number of demand equals to the quantity of product sold. The graph of demand and supply when government imposes the price below the free market equilibrium is shown below: We can see form the graph that the supply contracts from point A, the equilibrium, to point B, which represents the quantity of gallons if the price of oil was to be changed to $1. When supply contracts, it means that the quantity of oil that is supplied becomes less. Because of the shortage of oil, the demand will extend. The lack of supply of oil and the excess demand, scarcity will occur. Even though scarcity of oil existed before, shortages did not happen before the government imposed. Another outcome of price ceiling is the illegal economic activities that may occur. Because the maximum price that the government pointed is less than the equilibrium price, producers would feel that they could earn more money. With the shortage and the excess demand of oil, producers would then sell the products at a higher price illegally, and they would succeed in doing so because consumers would still need the oil that is so scarce in the market. Because illegal economic activities would occur, the government would then need to hire inspectors. These inspectors would have to supervise the oil market. Hiring inspectors would cost the government more money; therefore the government spending will increase. However, the producers of oil that are investigated would still find a way around the rules and regulations from the inspectors. For example, the producers would lie about their income as they have sold their product in the black market to make more money. This would lead to tax evasion as well, because they would understate their own income. 2. Evaluate the impact of either rent controls or a minimum wage. (15) Rent control is an example of price ceiling. This is a law that prohibits landlords to raise the price of rent to go above the price that they have determined. This law is determined by state or country legislatures. In Mumbai, the rent control act started in 1947, with the intentions of making houses affordable to more people. In rent control, the government imposes the price below the free market equilibrium, making the price lower than what it is supposed to be. Although the government intended well, the act proved that instead of benefitting the whole country, it mostly only benefit some of the poor and the people who already rented a place before the rent control. In the short run, rent control helped many people in obtaining places to live. This mostly helped the poor people who could not afford rents before. However, the effects of rent control have not fully happened in the short run. The number of people who look for housing may not be as high as it takes time to arrange housing. As market conditions change, it also takes a long time until the landlords could adjust the number of apartments they rent. As a result, rent control in the short run had quite a positive impact. However, as time passes, the disadvantages of rent control outweighed the advantages. Even though the intentions of rent control were to protect the rights of the poor, rent control did the exact opposite. As rent control continues in Mumbai, the landlords started to discontinue their rent because they are getting less money for their rents than the years before. Because the price of rents was below equilibrium price, landlords felt that they could earn much more with their rents. With the decreasing supply of rents in Mumbai, the number of demand increases. However, these demands could not be fulfilled with contracting supplies. As supply contracts and demand extends, the rent control act creates a shortage of rents. This would lead to homelessness, as people cannot find homes to live in. Although the rent control act denied access to the migrants, it protected the people that are already housed in Mumbai. Because of their safety in the rent, the people that are housed would refuse to leave, and it would cause immobility, meaning that companies outside would not be able to hire someone from Mumbai, even though they are very capable for the job. There are also cases in which people give their houses to their children, their children give it to their children, and so on. This again, decreases the supply of rents. As time passes and the landlord wants to renew the houses, those people who have stayed in the houses would be paid to leave, thus becoming millionaires when they only had to pay $20 each month. The lack of supply of rents is also seen as the biggest reason for slums in Mumbai. As the number of rents occupied increase and the number of the rents available decrease, more people would not have a place to live, resulting to the slums in Mumbai. Not only does rent control affect the tenants, it also effects what the landlords do. Because the price of rents fall, the landlords would not earn as much money as they did before, when it has potential to earn much more money. As a result, the landlords would decrease the quality of the houses. They could also charge the tenants for things that are supposed to be included in the rent expense, such as TV. In conclusion, rent control acts, particularly in Mumbai had more disadvantages than advantages. Even though it protects the rights of the poor by decreasing the price below the equilibrium, rent control only lead to a shortage of rent. The shortages would then cause slums to increase, as the demand extends but could not be fulfilled. ________________ References: Houterman, Robin. The Global Urbanist. Indias New Model Residential Tenancy Act: A one-size Solution That Hardly fits All N.p., 05 June 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://globalurbanist.com/2012/06/05/india-model-residential-tenancy-act. Lessons From Elsewhere: Mumbai Rent Control. Cairobserver.com. N.p., 09 July 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://cairobserver.com/post/26830679617/lessons-from-elsewhere-mumbai-rent-control. Lewis, Clara. Proposed Rental Law Gets Brickbats. The Times Of India. N.p., 1 June 2011. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-01/mumbai/29608341_1_landlords-maharashtra-rent-control-act-tenant-associations. Mahajan, Sulakshana. The Rent Control Act. Http://sdmahajan.tripod.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://sdmahajan.tripod.com/slumming_mumbai.pdf. Principles of Economics. Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=nZE_wPg4Wi0C. Thakur, Pooja. Mumbais Boom Turns Renters Into Millionaires.Www.businessweek.com. N.p., 05 July 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-07-05/mumbais-boom-turns-renters-into-millionaires. Tree of Knowledge. The Madness of Mumbai. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http://tokblog.org/?p=309.

Implications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans Essay

Implications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans War is a complex concept that is increasingly difficult to understand, particularly in an age that allows for live images of combat to be beamed around the world. Many war films depict the brutalities of war and affects war has on participants, but it seems that these representations merely skim the surface. The 20th century is an era that saw a significant amount of military action: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, Vietnam, and the Gulf War - millions of men fought, some survived and live among us today. Unfortunately, the war experience for many veterans is traumatizing and as a result, many have been diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder is often quite mentally debilitating; this, then, begs the question of the social implications of the disorder as well as whether this has any bearing on the necessity of war. At the minimum, PTSD is a branch of emotion that stems from stress or anxiety. Stress is not uncommon among humans as it can be caused by something as simple as gridlock or an argument. When we feel stressed, our body is attuned to exhibit the fight-or-flight response during which "the body releases chemicals that make it tense, alert, and ready for action" (1). PTSD, however, is a sector of stress that is very specialized for it occurs after traumatic events; these may include car accidents, earthquakes, rape, or military combat. People suffering from PTSD experience paranoia, flashbacks and generally have difficulty engaging in normal daily activities (2). One Vietnam veteran diagnosed with the disorder explains that he often has extreme emotional outbursts: " 'I developed a nasty temper, became very nervous... ...does occur between countries, it is carried out by people, by fellow humans beings who should never have to bear witness to such extreme horrors. Works Cited: 1) Stress info http://my.webmd.com/hw/emotional_wellness/ta4405.asp 2) American Psychiatric Association http://www.psych.org/public_info/ptsd.cfm 3)Kulka, Richard A., et al. Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, 1990. 4) Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Wars, and Terrorism http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/ptsd.htm 5)Wilson, John P., et al, eds. Human Adaptation to Extreme Stress. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. 6)The Invisible Epidemic: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Memory and the Brain http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/articles/behavior/ptsd_4/ 7) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Understanding the Pain http://www.nursingceu.com/NCEU/courses/ptsd/

Is there truly any justice in the novel The Stranger, written by Albert

Is there truly any justice in the novel The Stranger, written by Albert Camus? Is there truly any justice in the novel The Stranger, written by Albert Camus? This is a question that naturally protrudes throughout the novel, as it is not abundantly clear what Meursault, the protagonist, was, in fact, put on trial for. At the beginning of the second part of the narrative, it is understood that he is put on trial for the murder of an Arab; however, it later comes to our attention that the murder was not the primary reason of his trial, and perhaps not even an essential one for that matter. The fact remains that Meursault was undoubtedly put on trial, not for the murder committed, but for being the way he was: unemotional through the eyes of society, which was represented by the jury. To the reader it seems only natural that one should be put on trial, not for their personality, but for the harmful acts that one may commit to another person. Therefore, the idea is strongly implanted in the novel, as well as the mind of the reader, that Meursault was put on trial for murder. Nevertheless, throughout the course of the novel, it becomes apparent that he was, as a matter of fact, not put on trial for the murder of the Arab, but instead, for acting in such a stoic manner. Being the honest, straightforward man he was, he answered all questions in that same conduct. Once Meursault had been appointed a lawyer, his lawyer inquired over the events of Maman's funeral. Meursault responded rather coldly when his lawyer had asked him if he had felt any sadness that day, saying that he "probably did love Maman, but that didn't mean anything. At one time or another all normal people have wished their loved ones dead." (... ...!"(p. 96) This is a rather profound statement that affects not only the characters in the novel, but the reader as well, rather intensely. Thus, it becomes palpable that society, in other words, the jury attempted to fabricate and impose rational explanations for Meursault's irrational actions. The fact that he was so straightforward and onest was disruptive and threatening to their society as they were not accustomed to it, and therefore, they saw no meaning, which would consequently create chaos in their orderly lives. Meursault appears to do as he pleases, when he pleases, and therefore, follows no pattern throughout his life, hence, society becomes threatened by him, which ultimately leads to his execution. Bibliography 1. Camus, Albert: The Stranger. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, 1988. The Faade of the Trial: Meusault's "TRUE" Accusation

Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Hospitality Sector Based

Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Hospitality Sector Based in Mumbai Region Oshma Rosette Pinto Assistant Professor, Pillai Institute of Management Studies and Research, New Panvel Navi Mumbai E-mail: pinto. [email  protected] com ABSTRACT The Global financial crisis from 2005 to the present is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was triggered by a liquidity shortfall in the United States Banking system which resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world.In India, the global financial crisis badly impacted the Indian tourism and hotel sector that resulted in decline in the number of foreign tourists, decline of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and affected the gross domestic product of India. The study is related with the Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Hospitality Sector based in Mumbai region, Mum bai region will include, Mumbai, Thane and Navi-Mumbai based Hospitality industries. The primary data is collected through interview method. The questionnaire is chosen as resource to collect the information.The secondary data is collected through various magazines, journals, scholarly articles, research papers and various authentic websites of various Hospitality industries. The paper attempts to analyse the impact of global recession on Hospitality sector in India especially Tourism and Hotel Industry in the country. Further the paper focuses on the challenges faced and opportunities that can be availed during and after global financial crisis. Keywords: Challenges, Opportunities, Foreign direct investment, Foreign tourist inflows, Gross domestic product.INTRODUCTION The Hotel industry is linked to the tourism industry which forms the most important support service that affects the Foreign Tourist Arrivals to any Country. In recent years many international hotel chains like Marrio tt International, Intercontinental Hotels Group are setting up hotels in India and many international tour operators are establishing operations VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ISSN 2277-1182 1 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com rom India. A rapidly growing middle class, the advent of corporate incentive travel and the multinational companies into India has boosted prospects for tourism. The turmoil in global financial markets had generated new concerns for the hospitality industry. India had a biggest drop in corporate travel spending falling to 25% in year 2009 compared to year 2008. Growth rate of the aggregate sale of hotel companies fell down to 9. 1% during Dec. 2008 quarter from growth rate of 17. 4% during Dec. 2007 quarter.There was decline in India's average annual GDP Growth from historical high of 10. 10 percent in September of 2006 and a record low of 5. 50 percent in December of 2004. The financial year 2008-20 09 was an unforgettable one for the Indian tourism and Hotel industry, with the Mumbai terror attacks and global economic down turn affecting the industries performance. The Hotel industry also, observed an overall decline in occupancy and Revenue per Available Room in most cities. The adverse impact of economic downturn on India? s tourism was far less than global tourism industry.OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is To know how the Hospitality Sector of India was affected during recession. To know the current overall industry position and how can it be developed in future. To know the steps taken by the Government of India to curb the effect of recession on Hospitality Industry through its policies. REVIEW OF LITERATURE â€Å"The financial downturn that is impacting developed economies are likely to get worse as the European countries, the US and others go into a deeper depression due to the increase in Job losses which often follows recession.The slump in the market and incr eased job losses will have some important implications for the changing tasks of human resource professionals. As the unemployment continues to increase, HR professionals are likely to be dealing with more stressed employees who are the sole wage earners in their families†. [Mujtaba, 2008} â€Å"The global economic crisis has brought to the forefront of organizations the concepts of viability and survival which at these times can be desperate pursuit.There are three main reactions in organizations, namely the corporate reactions in organizations, namely the corporate reaction to remain viable, the employee reaction to survive the turbulence, and the human resources reaction including recruiting and hiring talent, corporate organization, training and institutional learning†. [Kathleen Patterson & Gray Oster, 2008] In emerging economies, growth is projected to slow down appreciably but still may reach 5. 0 percent in the year 2009. The overall recruitments are lower for t he industry this time as companies remain cautious amidst the global financial crisis. [Srivastav, 2009] METHODOLOGY The data is collected through various sources like secondary data from various magazines, journals, scholarly articles, research papers and various authentic websites of various Hospitality industries. The primary data is gathered by using Interview Method of various VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 2 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com hospitality industries? authorities. The data will be analysed by using MS-EXCEL to find out various trends and to draw the graphs for the interpretation of data.The selected respondents will be representatives of the total population. Here the higher authorities of hospitality industries become the population. The questionnaire is chosen as resource to collect the information. Research will be conducted on clear assumptions that the respondents would give frank an d fair answers in a pragmatic way and without any bias. LIMITATIONS The study is limited to major Hospitality Industries of India and the data is limited to 7years. The major hospitality Industries includes Taj Hotel, Kamat Hotel and Leela Hotel.UTILITY The rationale of the study is that there are various factors that affect the Indian economy but the researcher through this study wants to find whether the impact of global recession has affected the Indian economy severely or gradually decreases with new initiative policies. The utility of the study is to know how are the Hospitality industries growing after global recession in terms foreign tourist arrivals, generation of foreign exchange reserves and how are they contributing to the Indian economy in terms of GDP, reduction in inflation, rising of stock markets. FINDINGS AND DATA ANALYSIS ?To know how the Hospitality industry of India was affected during recession. Table 1. Growth of the hospitality sector before the recession Nam e of the Hospitality industries Taj hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel Growth of the hospitality sector before the recession Significantly negative Slightly negative No impact Slightly positive 4 4 Significantly positive 5 Interpretation: Before the global recession began, we can see that Taj hotel had significantly positive growth, Kamat and Leela hotel had slightly positive growth. Table 2. Effect on the operations of your company during recession.Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Operations of Hotels in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 699. 16 45. 86 123 873. 24 48. 04 154 1127. 57 56. 98 112. 34 1617. 31 124 158 1823. 16 152. 67 125 1534. 03 112. 68 133. 09 1520. 36 134. 08 145 ISSN 2277-1182 3 VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com Interpretation: The operations of the hotels from 2004-2010 vary mainly due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 which s ent threat waves to the world.Most of the customers and shareholders became unemployed due to cost cutting and there was huge downfall in the financial market. ? To know the current overall industry position and how can it be developed in future. Table 3. Changes in the number of employees during the recession. Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Number of Employees of in thousands Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 7609 4200 4500 8005 5000 6000 7500 6500 7500 6405 6700 8400 6700 7600 8600 4300 5000 5300 6500 6800 6700 Interpretation: The average number of employees during the recession in Taj Hotel is 6568, for Kamat Hotel is 5971. 429 and Leela Hotel is 6714. 86. As per the table, in the year 2009 the number employees in Taj, Kamat and Leela hotels are less compare to other years. The change in number of employees in the hospitality sector during the recession was due to sudden reduction in creation of employment; new appointees to the organisations were sent back home with adv ance 3months salary due to company policy of cutting costs and salary of many employees were reduced by 20% of their actual salary. Table 4. Taxes paid by the company during Global Recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Taxes paid by the hospitality sector in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 35. 2 4. 12 34. 33 88. 22 7. 40 33. 77 13. 35 8. 10 23. 04 12. 43 11. 03 34. 44 13. 45 67. 29 43. 35 15 31. 8 25. 89 25. 07 55. 55 30. 09 Interpretation: As per the data , the taxes paid by the hotels vary from 2004-2010 as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 . In the year 2005 the taxes paid were very high as we had high tourists inflow from both inbound and outbound. VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 4 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. bhinavjournal. com Table 5. Net profit of the company during the Recession. Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201 0 Net Profit of hotels in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 60. 65 0. 70 11. 78 105. 86 6. 97 21. 35 183. 78 4. 069 105. 98 322. 39 15. 57 110. 07 580. 47 27. 40 134. 08 107. 11 5. 66 50. 78 153. 10 7. 08 154 Interpretation: As per the data , the net profit earned by the hotels vary from 2004-2010 as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 .In the year 2008 the profit earned by most of the hotels was very high as we had high tourist? s inflow from both inbound and outbound. Table 6. Investments made by the company during the recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Taj Hotel 600. 83 607. 01 656. 57 962. 81 977. 58 1182 1169 Investments in Crores Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 0. 17 117 0. 164 124 0. 163 135 3. 98 156 15. 08 147 25. 07 126 74. 70 112 Interpretation: As per the data, investments made by the hotels vary from 2004-2010 as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terr or attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009 .In the year 2007, 2009 and 2010 the hospitality sector had to investment more on assets in order to earn more customers and to generate employment Table 7: Number of tourist passengers in India during the recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Number of tourist arrivals in India Including Inbound and Outbound Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 1234153 967494 550000 297538 192061 290000 1710434 1594735 1650000 828695 488491 385000 156370 289915 158000 360971 590286 490000 2129544 1371613 1470000 ISSN 2277-1182 5VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com Interpretation: The number of tourist arrivals during the recession vary year wise. In the year 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2009 the number of tourists in India from both inbound and outbound are less compare to other years. This decrease was due to slow down of business in Indian and foreign Market, high a ttrition rate, unemployment, reduction in pay scale, no incentives and cost cutting.Due to these reasons tourists could not afford to travel either for business or for holidaying with family. Table 8. Effect on the remittances/ foreign currencies during global recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Remittances of foreign currencies from hospitality sector in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 245. 03 150. 22 200. 25 300. 50 225 245 315 275 215 275 300 225 345 285. 25 230 200. 02 110. 45 100. 03 445 250 300. 05 Interpretation: The remittances from foreign currencies during the recession vary year wise.In the year 2009 the number of tourists in India from other countries is less compare to other years. This decrease was due to slow down of business in Indian and foreign Market, high attrition rate, unemployment, reduction in pay scale, no incentives and cost cutting. Due to these reasons tourists could not afford to travel either for business or for holidaying with fa mily. Table 9. Affect on the Total assets of the company during Global Recession Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Assets in Crores Taj Hotel Kamat Hotel Leela Hotel 2371. 11 16. 3 1145 1068. 85 14. 72 1234 4336. 59 11. 78 1156 5242. 55 15. 91 2116 6848. 77 17. 78 4234 9160. 22 13. 09 2349 8646. 01 15. 90 3450 Interpretation: The total assets during 2005 are less compared to 2004. There was increase in investment of assets during 2006-2008 but there was decrease in investments of assets as the operations and sales slowed down due to global recession and terror attack on Taj and Oberio hotels in 2009. In the year 2009 and 2010 the hospitality sector had to investment more on assets in order to earn more customers and to generate employment.VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 6 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com ? To know the steps taken by the Government of India to curb the effect of recession on Hospi tality Industry through its policies. ? The hotels Taj, Kamat and Leela strongly agree for the importance of branding of their products during recession. 1. Importance of branding during recession 2. Policies undertaken by Government during the recession period. Looking at the slowdown in tourism sector seriously, the ministry announced Policy measure to promote tourism in the country and it declared year 2009 as Visit India year?. ? Further the Government tried to provide Complimentary services to foreign tourist, involving leading hotels, tour operators in its tourism promotion programs and stressed on providing security facilities for tourist arrivals. 3. Measures or future developments made by your company post global recession. TAJ HOTEL New Properties Opened- The Company? efforts of restoring the once resplendent Falaknuma Palace, Hyderabad eventually fructified with the grand opening of the Taj Falaknuma Palace in November 2010, with an exclusive get together of global connoi sseurs of luxury who came together in Hyderabad for this occasion. Expansion in Domestic and International Markets- The Company ventured into new geographies by entering into management contracts in Mexico and British Virgin Islands for development of high end Luxury Resorts.The Company continued its thrust on flagging properties under the â€Å"Gateway† brand in prominent economic, commercial and industrial centres of India by signing management contracts for hotels in Chandigarh, Ludhiana and Kolhapur. It has signed management contracts in leisure destinations such as Shimla and Rishikesh for a Gateway and Vivanta by Taj resort respectively. KAMAT HOTEL Expansion of projects: B W Highway Star Private Limited which is the subsidiary of Kamat hotel has presently two operational hotels at Pune under the brand name „The Orchid? and „VITS? esides restaurants and banquet halls. Management Contracts- the Company is having management contracts for managing hotel propert ies at Aurangabad, Karwar, Udaipur, Delhi and Pune. LEELA HOTEL Expansion of projects – The opening of Gurgaon hotel and residences heralded the arrival of the Company in the Delhi National Capital Region. This property, with 322 guest rooms and suites and 90 serviced residences, is operated under the â€Å"The Leela Kempinski† brand. This contemporary designed hotel with large banquet halls and state of the art facilities has been well received by the business clientele.VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 7 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com Marketing Alliances- the Company has Sales and Marketing alliances with Kempinski Hotels, Europe? s oldest Hotel Group, established in 1897, and is also a member of The Global Hotel Alliance based in Geneva, Switzerland, which is an alliance of high profile independent hotels worldwide. The Company has entered into an alliance with Preferred Hotel Group whereby all our hotels from June 2008 have become members of this luxurious collection nder their most premier segment Preferred Hotels and Resorts. This will enable our hotels to acquire greater recognition of this brand in the USA as premium and luxury hotels and would give opportunity to leverage further 29 global sales offices in the USA, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan and Australia among others. This will also facilitate our relationship with four of the largest consortia – American Express, CWT, BCD and Hogg Robinson. SUGGESTIONS Need to rationalise the taxation on the hospitality industry.The hospitality sector has to adopt a single luxury tax across the country. To reduce procedural delays a provision of single-window clearances at the local, State and Central Government levels has to be formed. Tax holiday would encourage Foreign Direct Investment in this sector, more players to set up hotels and to bridge the shortage of rooms. Need to provide Capital Investment to the country – The India? s hospitality sector is expected to grow at 8. 8% between 2010-19 and India to get capital investment worth US $ 94. billion by 2019. Measures have to be taken to achieve the expected growth of Capital investment in India. Need for Economic generation to the country-The hospitality industry provides extreme opportunity to India in terms of contribution to its GDP and employment generation. The Government policies should focus at increasing tourist arrivals in the country and facilitate investments in tourism infrastructure, which will lead to significantly higher multiplier effect on the key economic parameters of the Indian economy.Need to generate Strong Sales and Marketing network- The hospitality industry lacks highly trained and motivated sales force in India excluding few hotels like Taj, Oberio and Leela. A Strong sales force always provides extensive reach and penetration in the market. Need to have Strong Food & Beverage Skills: There is a requirement o f strong Food beverage skills in Hospitality sector as it becomes a forte of any hotel or restaurant. This strengthens the hospitality sector to open number of Food and Beverage outlets, in partnership with celebrity chefs.Reduction of Geographical and economic risk. The hospitality sector has to reduce the Geographical and economic risk in order to increase its presence internationally in key gateway cities and resorts in South East Asia and other countries. VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 8 ISSN 2277-1182 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com CONCLUSION Service sector plays important role in Indian economy. Within the Service sector tourism and hospitality industry has more importance about generating employment, yielding foreign exchange.National income growth and providing base to other industries regarding tourism directly or indirectly The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8. 2% between 2011 an d 2019 placing India at the third position in the world. With its close ties to the tourism industry, the Indian hospitality sector is expected to see an estimated investment of USD 12. 17 billion during 2011, and in addition of over 20 new international hotel brands by 2011. Further capital investment in India's travel and tourism sector is expected to grow at 8. % between 2011 and 2019 while India is expected to get capital investment worth US$ 94. 5 billion in the travel and tourism sector in 2019. Foreign tourist arrivals are expected to grow to 10 million by 2012 and the domestic tourism is expected to increase by 15% to 20% by 2015 as per the Ministry of Tourism. Government of India is allowing 100% Foreign Direct Investment in Hotels and Tourism, through the automatic route. This forms as investment opportunity that helps the Indian hospitality sector to contribute Rs. 8,50,000 crores to the GDP by 2020 ( approx. 800 million USD). The Hospitality sector has to initiate a numb er of steps to further strengthen the sales and marketing network in the domestic as well as the international markets by conducting successful road shows in international fairs and. New Personal Relations agencies need to be appointed in international level to achieve step-up media visibility in foreign countries. Over the years the hospitality sector needs to build a large network of partners and associates to participate in its growth as they form an important part of the Hotel/restaurant strategy.To successfully counter the risk from growing competition and the new properties, The hotels and restaurants have to renovate and reposition all their key properties. It should improve its service levels by providing uniform and best service across all their subsidiary hotels. The hospitality sector has to aim for control its operating and financial leverage by expanding through management contracts and leveraging the strengths of their Associates. REFERENCES I. Journals and Magazines 1 . Batra G. S. , Tourism in the 21st century, (1996) Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd 2.Dirk William velde and Swapna Niar, (2005), Foreign Direct Investment, service trade negotiations and development -Federation of Hotels & Restaurants Association of India ltd, Govt. to review FDI in Tourism Sector, News and Features, New Delhi, February 13, (2007), Investment opportunities in Tourism Sector, Government of India portal Investment Commission. VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 ISSN 2277-1182 9 ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN ARTS & EDUCATION www. abhinavjournal. com 3. Manpower recruitment in Hotel industry, A market plus report of Ministry of tourism, Government of India. . Meyer, D, Foreign Direct Investment in Tourism – The Development Dimension – Expert Advisory Committee (2005- 2006). Funded by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, Switzerland. 5. Usha C. V. Haley, (2001), Tourism and FDI in Vietnam, Haworth Press, pp 67-90 6. Con ference on Tourism in India – Challenges Ahead, 15-17 May 2008, IIMK 109 II. Websites 1. www. fhrai. com, 2. http://www. investmentcommission. in/tourism. html 3. http://tourismindia. com 4. www. sarkaritel. com 5. www. ar-khil. com 6. www. Ihcl. com 7. www. theleela. com VOLUME NO. 1, ISSUE NO. 2 10 ISSN 2277-1182

Totalitarian Essay

Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. The totalitarian regimes of the 1920’s-1930’s. These regimes, although in different areas, shared a common goal; total control. In order to achieve this these regimes would need to gain the support of the people. Adolf Hitler was said, â€Å"Burn into the little man’s soul the proud conviction that though a little worm, he is nonetheless part of a great dragon. † I believe these regimes accomplished Hitler’s goal in this quote by using techniques; some different and some similar. Adolf Hitler of Germany was the leader of the Anti-Semitic Nazi regime.Hitler realized he needed real followers, people who fully believed in his practice. In order to achieve this he used propaganda, rewards, and feelings of national pride. The Nazi regime used posters, movies, books, and other devices to manipulate mold the people’s image to what the regime wanted them to see instead of the cruel reality that was really taking place. When people saw these glorified images, it put a good connotation on everything that the Nazi regime was doing and trying to accomplish. The people truly believed the Nazi regime was good because of what was being portrayed.Another way the Nazi regime accomplished their goal was by providing the people with the national pride that had been lost after the First World War. The Nazi’s brought Germany back on top. The Nazi’s liked to make everyone feel accepted and needed. They wanted everyone to feel like they were part of a big family. They even made low class workers with small jobs feel like they were such a big part of society and their job was an honor. The last main way the Nazi’s accomplished their goal was through rewards. The Nazi regime would reward their followers for being loyal and obeying commands.They would find your weaknesses and use them to lure you in. Everyone is naturally going to love someone who rewards them and makes them feel proud. People back then, were almost like dogs. When dogs do something good and you give it a treat, they know they did a good thing and will keep doing it. That’s how people’s minds were programmed into thinking they were doing the right thing. The Nazi regime abused and manipulated people’s emotions in order to achieve their goal. Benito Mussolini, the fascist leader of Italy, organized the Brown Shirts. Mussolini chose to use national pride and force to achieve his goal for total control.Mussolini realized the Italian people needed a country they could believe and take pride in. These people needed a government to make them proud again. So Mussolini portrayed his regime in a way that made the people proud. Mussolini wanted the loyalty to the country to come before anything else in every citizen’s life. Even family was expected to come after loyalty to Italy. For the people that did not see Italy as something to be proud in, Mussolini used force. The Brown Shi rts would make sure you obeyed orders and remained loyal to your government. They would physically beat you into following the rules of the government.Mussolini and his regime focused on using physical techniques to achieve the goal. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union created an empire where he was always on top. He let no one even get close enough to take away his power. Stalin’s favorite ways of winning the people’s acceptance was through his use of propaganda, national pride, and force. Stalin wanted to be portrayed to his people as a hero. He demanded and censored all propaganda so that he was constantly shown in a good, heroic light. Stalin even used children in some propaganda to paint a good image for him. Another way Stalin achieved the goal was through force.If you were against the government in any way, you were immediately gone. He would eliminate you. Stalin also was so power hungry, even if you weren’t against the government, he’d pick random people, say they were traitors, and kill them. Which led to the deaths of many people in the Soviet Union. The last way Stalin got support from his people was through his use of national pride. Stalin industrialized the Soviet Union. He created a country that it’s citizens could be proud of. He made sure his people only saw the benefits of industrializing instead of the horrible things he was really doing.Stalin made his country proud, which led his people to support him. Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin all had one big trait in common. They were all manipulators. They were so good at manipulation that people didn’t even know they were being manipulated. Each regime used it’s own techniques and tactics to gain total control. These all worked for a decent amount of time. But all wound up failing in the end, leading to the downfall of the regimes. Each regime accomplished the goal in the quote by using multiple types of manipulation. Unfortunately, by the tim many citizen’s realized this†¦ It was already too late. Totalitarian Essay Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. The totalitarian regimes of the 1920’s-1930’s. These regimes, although in different areas, shared a common goal; total control. In order to achieve this these regimes would need to gain the support of the people. Adolf Hitler was said, â€Å"Burn into the little man’s soul the proud conviction that though a little worm, he is nonetheless part of a great dragon. † I believe these regimes accomplished Hitler’s goal in this quote by using techniques; some different and some similar. Adolf Hitler of Germany was the leader of the Anti-Semitic Nazi regime.Hitler realized he needed real followers, people who fully believed in his practice. In order to achieve this he used propaganda, rewards, and feelings of national pride. The Nazi regime used posters, movies, books, and other devices to manipulate mold the people’s image to what the regime wanted them to see instead of the cruel reality that was really taking place. When people saw these glorified images, it put a good connotation on everything that the Nazi regime was doing and trying to accomplish. The people truly believed the Nazi regime was good because of what was being portrayed.Another way the Nazi regime accomplished their goal was by providing the people with the national pride that had been lost after the First World War. The Nazi’s brought Germany back on top. The Nazi’s liked to make everyone feel accepted and needed. They wanted everyone to feel like they were part of a big family. They even made low class workers with small jobs feel like they were such a big part of society and their job was an honor. The last main way the Nazi’s accomplished their goal was through rewards. The Nazi regime would reward their followers for being loyal and obeying commands.They would find your weaknesses and use them to lure you in. Everyone is naturally going to love someone who rewards them and makes them feel proud. People back then, were almost like dogs. When dogs do something good and you give it a treat, they know they did a good thing and will keep doing it. That’s how people’s minds were programmed into thinking they were doing the right thing. The Nazi regime abused and manipulated people’s emotions in order to achieve their goal. Benito Mussolini, the fascist leader of Italy, organized the Brown Shirts. Mussolini chose to use national pride and force to achieve his goal for total control.Mussolini realized the Italian people needed a country they could believe and take pride in. These people needed a government to make them proud again. So Mussolini portrayed his regime in a way that made the people proud. Mussolini wanted the loyalty to the country to come before anything else in every citizen’s life. Even family was expected to come after loyalty to Italy. For the people that did not see Italy as something to be proud in, Mussolini used force. The Brown Shi rts would make sure you obeyed orders and remained loyal to your government. They would physically beat you into following the rules of the government.Mussolini and his regime focused on using physical techniques to achieve the goal. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union created an empire where he was always on top. He let no one even get close enough to take away his power. Stalin’s favorite ways of winning the people’s acceptance was through his use of propaganda, national pride, and force. Stalin wanted to be portrayed to his people as a hero. He demanded and censored all propaganda so that he was constantly shown in a good, heroic light. Stalin even used children in some propaganda to paint a good image for him. Another way Stalin achieved the goal was through force.If you were against the government in any way, you were immediately gone. He would eliminate you. Stalin also was so power hungry, even if you weren’t against the government, he’d pick random people, say they were traitors, and kill them. Which led to the deaths of many people in the Soviet Union. The last way Stalin got support from his people was through his use of national pride. Stalin industrialized the Soviet Union. He created a country that it’s citizens could be proud of. He made sure his people only saw the benefits of industrializing instead of the horrible things he was really doing.Stalin made his country proud, which led his people to support him. Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin all had one big trait in common. They were all manipulators. They were so good at manipulation that people didn’t even know they were being manipulated. Each regime used it’s own techniques and tactics to gain total control. These all worked for a decent amount of time. But all wound up failing in the end, leading to the downfall of the regimes. Each regime accomplished the goal in the quote by using multiple types of manipulation. Unfortunately, by the tim many citizen’s realized this†¦ It was already too late.